bmoma&;vdkufpm;olrsm;
tydkif;(2)
(1)
usGefawmfhvdk bmr[kwfonfh yr$m;wpfaumifu vlaygif;aomif;ESifhodef;ESifhcsDjyD; udk;uG,faeonfh EdkifiHausmf q&mawmf}uD;rsm;udk a0zefvdkufaomtcg usGefawmfhpmudkzwfvdkuf&olrsm; txl;ojzifh usGefawmftrsm;qHk; &nfn$ef;xm;onfh pdkufydsK;a&;wuUodkvfrS q&mq&mrrsm;t=um;wGif tawmfav;v_yfv_yf&Sm;&Sm;jzpfoGm;rnfudk awG;rdygonf? tu,fIom usGefawmhfaqmif;yg;udk r*~Zif;wpfapmifapmifwGif yHkEdSyfazmfjyvdkufygu acgif;ESifhudk,fyif tdk;pm;uJGudef;&dS.? Tonfudk "rR EW&m,f[kac:ygonf? olwdk@vdkawmif bkef;}uD;r0wfEdkifygyJv#uf [dkajym'Dajym av#mufajymwm raumif;rSef;vnf;odyg.? odk@aomf tjrifrawmfvGef;aoma=umifh udk,fESifh eD;pyf&mtaygif;toif; rdwfaqGrsm; owdjyKEdkif&ef apwemaumif;ESifh a0r#vdkuf&jcif;jzpfygonf? rif;wkef;rif;w&m;}uD;uawmh bkef;}uD;awG udk tvGefcspfonf? olwdk@bmvkyfvkyf bmrSrajym? olwdk@ bkef;}uD;0wfeJ@aeEdkifwmudkyJ ol =unfndkvSjyD qdkonf [k rSwf&ygonf? bkef;}uD;pmcsvkyf&onfrSm i&Jvnf; }uD;vS.?(17-07-2006)
(2)
usGefawmfhpmudkzwfjyD; udkpHa&$jrifhu vltrsm;udk;uG,faeonfh EdkifiHausmfq&mawmf}uD;rsm;udk a0zef&mwGif =unfha0zef&ef owday;vmygonf? usGefawmfuvnf; vltrsm;udk;uG,faejyD; EdkifiHausmfaeonfhtwGufyif a0zef& yga=umif; ta=umif;jyefvdkufyg.? TonfrSmta=umif;&dSygonf? usGefawmfhvdkaumifwpfa,muf aygufwwfu& av#mufvkyfaev#if usGefawmfESifh eD;pyf&mtaygif;toif;rsm;omodrnf? xdcdkufjcif;xdcdkufv#if usGefawmhfrdwfaqGwcsdK@ ESifh usGefawmhfrdom;pkavmufomxdcdkufrnf? odk@aomf ausmf[def;wdk@vdkvlwpfa,mufaygufwwfu&av#mufvkyfv#if wpfEdkifiHvHk; [dk;[dk;ausmfoGm;rnf? ol@udktm;ay;aeonfh aomif;aygif;rsm;pGmaom y&dowfudk xdcdkufzG,f&m&dSonf? ausmf[def;vkyfvdkufvdk@ vlrsm;tudsK;,kwfoGm;rnfqdkv#ifawmif 'Db0wpfckxJrSmyJ tusdK;,kwfp&m&dSonf?
usGefawmfwdk@&GmOD;ausmif;ubkef;}uD; r[kwfwmvkyfv#if xdk&Gmom;tm;vHk;epfemp&m&dSonf? xkd@twl olESifh ywfoufqufEG,faeaom &GmeD;csKyfpyfrS vltaygif;vnf; tusdK;enf;p&mjzpfrnf? odk@aomf vlrnfr#&dSrnfenf;? &dSvS 3-4 axmifaygh? odk@aomf---
yxrydkif;wGif usGefawmf&nfn$ef;cJhaom EdkifiHausmfjyD; vlaygif; aomif;ESifhodef;ESifhcsD udk;uG,faeonfh 'dwf'dwf usJ q&mawmf}uD;rsm; vJGv#ifawmhjzifh olwynfhjzpfol 'g,dum/ 'g,dumrrsm; tm;vHk;vJGp&m&dSonf? vJGonfqdk onfrSm oHo&mESifhcsDI t}uD;tus,fvJGjcif; jzpf.? 'Dwpfb0xJomru aemufaemifb0rsm;twGufyg oGm;xdcdkuf onf? usGefawmfwdk@u Ak'
jrwfpGmbk&m;uvnf; pD;yGm;wdk;wuf&mwdk;wufa=umif; tusifhaumif; tusifhrSefrsm;udk n$efjyxm;ygonf? xdkxdkq&mawmf}uD;rsm;onf xdktusifhaumif;rsm;udkawmh ra[m? b,fhESm *gxmawGay;aerSef;rodyg? armiftHHh (r[m0dZ…m-bHkab) a&;aom r*Fvokwfed'gef;udk aoaocsmcsmzwf=unfhyg? r*FvokwfwpfckxJudk vdkufem&HkESifhyif avmuDpD;yGm; wdk;wufa=umif;a&m/ avmukwW&mpD;yGm; wkd;wufa=umif;rsm;yg jynfhpHkEdkifa=umif; awG@&ayvdrfhrnf? ,Hr*FvH &Gwfwwfwmudk t[kwf}uD;rSwfaejyD; bmqdkvdkrSef; t"dy`g,fawmhrod? rodIom [dk*gxm&Gwf/ 'D*gxm &GwfESifh pD;yGm;wufatmif avmbw}uD;vkyfae=ujcif; jzpf.? od*Fgavm0g'okwfvm usifh0wfrsm;/ olawmfaumif;OpPm ckepfjzm/ ysif;&djcif;ta=umif; ajcmufyg;/ t&ufaopm aomufpm;jcif; tjypfajcmufyg; ponfjzifh jrwfpGm bk&m;n$efjyxm;aom pD;yGm;wdk;wufa=umif; enf;vrf;aumif;rsm; aygrsm;vSygbd? usGefawmfwdk@i,fpOfu oif,lcJh&aom &Sifr[m&Xom& qHk;rpm? &Sifr[moDv0Ho qHk;rpm? vufopfawmifwm qHk;rpm/ om;a&$O qHk;rpm? qD;befeD q&mawmfqHk;rpm ponfwdk@rSmvnf; yg;pyfxJwGif vl=um;aumif;atmif/ vltxif=uD;atmif &Gwfaebdk@r[kwfyJ vufawG@vdkufemusifhoHk;&rnfh w&m;rsm; jzpfygonf? rdwfaqGwdk@ 0goemygv#if bkef;}uD;ausmif; oifcef;pmjzpfaom q,fapmifwJGudk zwfzl;=uygvdrfhrnf? xdkq,fapmifwJGxJrS avmueDwd[lonf pD;yGm;wdk;wuf a=umif; tifrwefaumif;aom enf;vrf;rsm;jzpf.? odk@aomf tvkyfrvkyfyJ ydkufqHrsm;rsm;vdkcsifaom vlysif;rsm; twGufawmh r[kwfyg? Ak'
Tonfudk=unfhjcif;jzifh Ak'
2? pdwWm"dywd (tvGefjyif;jyaom pdwf"gwf&dSjcif;)
3? 0D&d,m"dywd(tvGefjyif;jyaom 0D&d,&dSjcif;)
4? 0DrHom"dywd (tvGefjyif;jyaom ynm&dSjcif;) [l.? jrefrmvdkawmh -
qENm0awm uöemrurRH/ eodZPswd? jyif;jyaom qEN&dSoltwGuf rjzpfEdkifaomt&m bm&dSoenf;?
pdwWm0awm uöemrurRH/ eodZPswd? jyif;jyaom pdwf"gwf&dSoltwGuf rjzpfEdkifaomt&m bm&dSoenf;?
0D&d,m0awm uöemrurRH/ eodZPswd? jyif;jyaom 0D&d,&dSoltwGuf rjzpfEdkifaomt&m bm&dSoenf;?
ynm0awm uöemrurRH/ eodZPswd? jyif;jyaom ynm&dSoltwGuf rjzpfEdkifaomt&m bm&dSoenf;?
xdktxJwGif *gxm0awm uöemrurRH/ eodZPswd? jyif;jyaom *gxm&GwfoltwGuf rjzpfEdkifaomt&m bm&dSoenf; [kygygoavm? 'g usGefawmfajymwmr[kwf? &SifawmfAk'<. E_wfcywfawmf jzpfygonf?
usGefawmfu wydkif;wp A[kokwavmufeJ@ajymjy&jcif;omjzpfyg.? xdkxdkq&mawmf}uD;rsm;rSm usGefawmfh xuf tq&maxmif ydkjyD;wwfygonf? tb,hfa=umifhqkdaomf usGefawmfwdk@u arG;uwnf;u avmuDtwwfynm rsm;udk txl;jyKjyD; oifvmcJh&onf? bmoma&;pmayqdkonfrSm wcgwavrS zwf&wmjzpf.? bkef;}uD;awGusawmh onfvdkr[kwf? bk&m;pmudk udk&ifr0wfrD ausmif;om;b0uwnf;u oifvmcJh&wmjzpfI usGefawmhfxuf tqaygif; rsm;pGm ydkod ydkwwfonf[k ajym&jcif;jzpfygonf? odk@ESifhawmif xkdxdk pD;yGm;wuf&menf;vrf;aumif;rsm;xuf [dk *g xmrsm;u ydkpGrf;aewm usGefawmfhOD;aESmuf ydpdanSmufESifh b,fvdkrS ^m%frrDEdkifyg?
(3)
Hk@
usGefawmfu xdkq&mawmf}uD;rsm;rSm vlaygif;aomif;ESifh odef;ESifhcsDudk;uG,faeaoma=umifh ajym&jcif;jzpfyg. [k ta=umif;jyefvdkufawmh udkpHa&$jrifhxHrS pmjyefvmygonf? bmwJh- acgif;aqmif qdkwmvnf; aemufvdkuf &dSvdk@om acgif;aqmifjzpfae&wmjzpfygonf - [l.? tifrwefrSefaom pum;jzpfygonf?(19-07-2006)
odk@aomf- (usGefawmfzwfrdor#rsm;ESifh udk;um;a&;vdkuf&v#if usrf;wpfapmifaywzJG@ jzpfoGm;Edkifp&m&dSay onf? xdk@a=umifh tusOf;r#ESifhomwif;wdrfawmfrl=uygcifAsm;)
tdrfaxmifpkwpfckwGif tdrfaxmifOD;pD;vkyfol ta&;}uD;.? tdrfaxmifOD;pD;vkyfol. t&nftcsif;udkvdkufI xdkrdom;pk wdk;wuf}uD;yGm;Edkifrnf? tvm;wlyif jrdK@wpfjrdK@wGif jrdK@0ef/ ausmif;wpfausmif;wGif ausmif;tkyf/ ukr`%D wpfckwGif refae*sm/ (ajym&if;vufvGefukefrSmpdk;vdk@ EdkifiHawmh xnfhrajymawmhyg) ponfh OD;pD;acgif;aqmifaumif;ygrS xdk&Gm/ jrdK@/ ausmif;/ ukr`%D wdk;wufrnfqdkonfudk awG;wwfolwdkif; odygonf? ppfyJGwpfyJGatmifEdkifa&;wGif ppf AdkvfcsKyfvkyfol. aoe*FAsL[m usGrf;usifr_tay: vHk;0rlwnfaeygonf? udk,fhvufatmufi,fom;awG vkyfcsifwdkif; &rf;vkyfvdk@b,fvdkrS rjzpfEdkifyg? acgif;aqmifvkyfjyDqdkuwJu olwdk@xufomvdk@ acgif;aqmifjzpfae&jcif;jzpfygonf? toHk;ruswJholudk ukr`%Drefae*sm b,folcef@rnfenf;?
usGefawmfu txWKy`wWdrsm; zwf&wm tifrwef 0goemygonf? vlawmfrsm;/ xl;csGefolrsm;onf tb,fh a=umifh awmfaexl;csGefaeonfudk odcsifygonf? odk@twGuf &[ef;/&Sif/vl txWKy`wWd awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk zwfzl;yg onf? yavwdk;ed'gef;/ qdkua&;wD;/ eydkvD,ef/ atA&m[if vifuGef;/ tif'D,m*E
I see, I come, I conquer. [k a=uG;a=umfcJhaom tvufZENm;bk&if}uD;ta=umif; zwf=unfh=uprf;yg? olbmha=umifh Oa&mywdkuf}uD; wpfwdkufvHk;eD;yg; atmifEdkifcJhygoenf;? urBmhajryHkay:wGif ZD;&Gufavmufom&dSonfh jAd wdo#wdk@onf tb,fha=umifh aer0iftifyg,mudk xlaxmifEdkifcJhygoenf;? xdk@xuf-
a&udkyif0,faomufae&aom r[m&efukefjrdK@awmf}uD;r#om&dSonfh pifumylEdkifiHav;onf tb,fha=umifh ta&S@awmiftm&SwGif xdyf jzpfae&ygoenf;? (vDuGrf,k. wwd,urBmrSyxrurBmodk@ udk ususee zwfzdk@ wdkufwGef;ygonf)?
usGefawmf RIT 5th year ausmif;om;b0u vkyfom;jynfol@ae@pOf owif;pmwGif owif; wpfyk'f ygvmyg onf? xdkowif;pmudk nSyfjyD; usGefawmfodrf;xm;&m ckwdkif&dSaevdrfhOD;rnf xifygonf? bmoma&;acgif;aqmifemrnf u *dsrf;rf*dsKufpf vm; *sifrf*sHK;vm; xifygonf? Oa&myrSjzpf.? aumif;aumif;rrSwfrdawmhyg? olu ol@wynfhrsm;udk ,ckb0um; pm;0wfaer__twGuf vkyfae&onfESifh 'kuQtwdjzpf.? aoonf.tjcm;wpfzufY TcE
udkif;-onfavmufqdkawmfavmufygjyD? wjcm;a&;p&mawG trsm;}uD;&dSao;.? rauseyfao;v#ifawmh usGefawmf atmufrSm pmtkyftn$ef;xnfhay;vdkufygonf? xdkpmtkyfrsm;udk &Smzwfyg [k wdkufwGef;vdkyg.? (usGefawmfh wGif xdkpmtkyfawmfawmfrsm;rsm;&dSygonf? zwfvdku vmcJhyg? tdrfudkawmh riSm;yg? usGefawmfu usGefawmfhpmtkyfrsm; udk usGefawmfhtoufvdkcspfygonf?)
udkpHa&$jrifha&- q&mqdkwm wynfhawGrSm;aewmudk jyifay;bdk@yJ &dSw,fvdk@ xifygw,fcifAsm;? wynfhawG&J@ trSm;tay:tcGifhaumif;,ljyD; rdSef;wkwfaebdk@ r[kwfbl;qdkwmudk jywfjywfom;om;jrifwwfygapcifAsm;? tJovdkjzpf atmifvnf; q&mqdkwmonf trSefqdkwmbmvJ qdkwm udk,fwdkifavhvmoif,laebdk@ vdkygonf? udkpHa&$jrifhu pdkuf ydsK;a&;wuUodkvfrS q&mwpfa,mufjzpfavawmh wynfhawGudk vrf;rSefa&mufatmifydk@ay;Edkifaom q&maumif;wpf a,mufjzpfatmif }udK;pm;ygvdk@ wdkufwGef;vdkufygonf cifAsm;? xdk@twlvnf; olrsm;a,mifvdk@a,mif/ tarmif awmifrSef;ajrmufrSef;rod qdkwmrdsK;rjzpfatmif =udK;pm;ygcifAsm;? trsm;nD T u usJGjzpf qdkaomfvnf; T rSef; odv#kuf usJGr[kwfbl; [k rajym&Jolrsm;xJwGifvnf; rygygapESifhcifAsm;? vlwpfaomif;ESifh wpfa,mufxnf; jzpfayhap/ T [k omwif;cHxm;ygcifAsm;?
a[h-T uG/ vHk;0 usJG r[kwfbl; qdkum tqdyfcGufudk Cocacola ,lqjyD; qdkua&;wD; u aomufjyoGm;cJh bl;ygonf? xdk@twl um'De,fb,fvmrif; u a[haumif-aeuurBmudkywfwmuG/ urBmuaeudkywfwm r[kwfbl;/ jyifajymprf;? rjyif&ifawmh rif;udk rD;eJ@&d_@owf&vdrfhr,f qdkonfudk cifAsm;usKyfudkrD;eJ@&d_@vdkufwmeJ@ aeu urBmudk ywf&awmhrvm;As? rD;eJ@&d_@wm cifAsm;tvkyf/ vlawG aeudkj*dK[fawGtm;vHk;uywfaew,fvdk@ajymbdk@u usGefawmh tvkyf [kqdkum rD;t&d_@cHoGm;cJhaom a*smf'gEdkA&lEdk? xdk@twl-
tpfrESpfr/ orD;uudk/ pIqufoGif;/ vufaqmifESif;jyD;/ pdk;rif;cspfjrwf/ xdktrwfonf/ twwfr&dS/ owdW uif;uGm/ bkef;}uD;vmrl/ jynf&Gmysufa=umif;/ wyg;wnf; - vdk@ vm&dSa=umif;ygbk&m; [k &Gwfjyum &Sifbk&ifh a,mufz aygufwwfu& vkyfaea=umif; &Sifbk&ifudk ay:wifcsJrdojzifh &Sifbk&ifu vHS xqJGonfudk xdk;awmfrlygbk&m; [k &ifudkaumhay;ol a,mtwGif;0ef OD;bdk;vd_if polwdk@rSm -
rdrdwynfhESifhvltrsm;. tusdK;pD;yGm;twGuf trSefw&m;onf toufxufydkjyD;ta&;}uD;a=umif; rD;armif; xdk;jyoGm;cJhonf r[kwfwHkavm? erlem,l=uprf;ygcifAsm;?
(4)
yxrydkif;wHk;u usefaeaom pma}uG;rsm;udk &Sif;vdkaoma=umifh T 'kwd,ydkif;udk qufa&;vdkuf&jcif; jzpfygonf? ajymp&mrsm;vnf;rukefao;onf wa=umif;a=umifhqdkv#ifvnf; rSm;rnfr[kwfyg?
yxr - ta=uG;rsm;udk tvsif &Sif;ygtHh? odk@&mwGif usGefawmfhpmtkyftm;vHk;rSm jrefrmjynfwGif usefaecJh onfwa=umif;/ usGefawmfusufrSwfxm;onfrsm;rSmvnf; usGefawmfhOD;acgif;cHGxJrS tdkaea[mif;aejyDjzpfaom Hard disk ESifh rqef@awmhojzifh format vkyfvdkuf&&m tawmfrsm;rsm; arhukefonfjzpfaoma=umifh rSwfrdor#ESifh jyefvnfazmufonfcsygrnf? pmtkyftudk;tum;rsm;udkawmh aemuftvsOf;oifhrS xyfrHazmfjyygrnf?
yxrqHk;ajymcsifonfuawmh ydÉuwfoHk;yHkapmifhewforD; ol&\wDr,fawmf}uD;ta=umif;jzpf.?
usGefawmfwdk@tm;vHk;rSwf,lxm;onfrSm ydÉuwfoHk;yHk udk ol&\wDewforD;apmifhonf[l.? onfvdkjzifh onfewforD;u b,fae&muaejyD; tb,fyHkapmifhygoenf;? ol&\wDewforD;ta=umif;udk csrf;ajrhq&mawmf. vli,foif csrf;ajrhtajcydsK;Ak'
aemufwpfck? 'udQ%omcg &kyfyGm;awmfta=umif;? ckeajymcJhonfh csrf;ajrhq&mawmf. vli,foif csrf;ajrh tajcydsK;Ak'
taomurif;w&m;}uD;onf om;awmfr[dENESifh orD;awmfoCFrdwWmwdk@udk oD[kdvfusGef;odk@ omoemjyK ap v$wfawmfrl&mwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;. udk,fpm;/ y&dabm*apwDwpfqltjzpf r[maAm"danmifyifrS awmifbuftudkif; udk ckwfum ylaZmf&efay;awmfrl.?
odk@aomf TrnfaomyHko¾mef&dSonfhbk&m;onf 'udQ%omcgrnf. [lIawmhhjzifh usGeffawmfrawG@rdbl;yg? TyHko¾mef&dSonfhbk&m;udk tdrfwGif udk;uG,fygu rD;ravmifEdkifqdkonfudkvnf; vlawG,Hk=unfr_uvJGjyD; rnfonhf q&mawmfrS a[mvdrfhrnfrxifyg? tu,fI rD;uGif;aoma=umifh 'udQ%omcgqif;wkawmfudk udk;uG,fonfjzpftHh? xdkolonfum; bk&m;udk =unfndKIudk;uG,fjcif;r[kwf? rD;tEW&m,fumuG,faom vufeufwpf&yftjzpfom wenf;ajym&v#if taqmifwpfcktjzpfom xm;jcif;jzpfayvdrfhrnf?
o[ma=umifh q&mawmf}uD;rsm;u rSmcJhwmjzpfrnf?
bk&m;udk apwDuG,fwwfonf?
w&m;udk pmtkyfuG,fwwfonf?
oHCmudk bkef;}uD;uG,fwwfonf --- [l.?
TonfrSm tvum;ajymjcif;r[kwfyg? rsm;pGm t"dy`g,fygygonf? usGefawmfyxraqmif;yg;rSm a&;cJhovdk jrifjrifor# qif;wkawmfjzpfjzpf/ apwDawmfjzpfjzpf rnfonfhbk&m;jzpfap? Ak'
jyD;cJhonfh 2002 ckESpf usGefawmfpifumylrS ArmjynfacwWjyefpOf &Gmodk@a&mufatmifoGm;jyD; &Gmom;tm;vHk; udkac:um pum;ajymygonf?(q&m}uD;vkyfjcif;r[kwfyg/ usGefawmf&cJhaomA[kokwrsm;ukd olwdk@ tusdK;pD;yGm; twGuf toHk;csEdkifatmifr#a0jcif;jzpfygonf?) ‚wdk@rSm tvkyfudkvnf;[kwfwdywfwdrvkyf/ olrsm;bmawGvkyfaeo vJ qdkonfudkvnf;ravhvm/ ,kwfpGtqHk; udk,f udk;uG,faeaom Ak'
xdkvmem;axmifol y&dowfxJwGif cke usGefawmfajymcJhonfh usGefawmfwdk@udk tifrwefrS &_yfcscJhaom usGefawmfh b}uD;baxG;rsm; ygygonf? usGefawmfolwdk@udk csJvif;ac:p&mta=umif;r&dSyg? odapcsif/ avhvmapcsifaom qENwpfckxJom&dSygonf? xdk@twl &Gmbkef;}uD;ausmif;rS OD;yÌif;udkvnf; tvum;ae bufx&Dtdk;jyifoa,mif a,mif/ a&'D,dkuufqufjyifoa,mifa,mif vkyfraeyJ &GmwGif "rRp=umtoif;axmifjyD; oma&;ema&;udpPrsm;wGif tcg=uD;&uf=uD;/ w&m;yJGrsm;wGif &Gwfzwfap&ef/ uav;rsm;udk ausmif;ydwf&uf bmoma&;pmayrsm; oifay;&ef/ vli,frsm;udkvnf; oifwef;rsm;ay;&ef tmaygufrwwf ajymcJhygonf? usGefawmfajymonfudk ol b,favmufem;0if onfawmhrod? aemuf&ufrsm;wGif usGefawmhfudk jrifonfESifh ta0;odk@ajy;ygawmhonf?
tJ-enf;enf; ab;acsmfoGm;onf? vdk&if; jyefaumuf=uygpdk@?
aemufwpfck? Ad\Edk;ewfrif;?
txufrSmajymcJhovdk Ad\Edk;ewfrSmvnf; [dENLbk&m;oHk;qlxJu urBm}uD;udk maintenance vkyfay;ae onfh bk&m;wpfql jzpfygonf? ukvm;vdkawmh Apfo#El; [kac:.? qifacgif;ESifh vl@udk,fjzpfae&onfh Ad\Edk;ewf. yHkjyifrSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpf.? ( data rsm; twdtusudk usGefawmfarhaeygonf? &efukefrSmqdkv#ifawmh pmtkyf pmwrf;tudk;tum;ESifh ususeea&;vdk@&ayrnf?)k
r[mouU&mZf 3 ckESpfu (rSm;csifrSm;ygrnf/ ckeSpftwdtusudk usGefawmfarhae.) r[mjAm[Rmrif;ESifh od=um;rif;wdk@ vl@jynfjy\'g;&uf/ ewfjynfjy\'g;&uf ESifh ywfoufjyD; tjiif;tcHkjzpf=uonf? r[mjAm[Rmrif;u wnfqJ ouU&mZfudk oHk;ESifhpm;/ okn=uGif;v#if vl@jynfjy\'g;/ 1 =uGif;v#if ewfjynf jy\'g; [k qdkonf? od=um;rif;u okn=uGif;v#if ewfjynfjy\'g;/ 1 =uGif;v#kif vl@jynf jy\'g; [k jiif;onf? olwdk@ESpfOD;xJESifh tEdkift&H_;udk rqHk; jzwfEdkif? onfawmh vl@jynfrS tifrwef emrnf}uD;aom u0gvrdkif;aA'ifq&m}uD; (ta&;xJ ol@emrnfarhaeojzifh usGefawmfhrSm tawmfhudkacgif;ylatmif pOf;pm;vdkuf&ygao;onf/ tcsuftvufrpHkyJ &rf; rwkwfcsifojzifhjzpf.?) xH tqHk;tjzwfcH,l&ef oGm;=u.? roGm;cif tavmif;tpm;vkyfoGm;onf? (,ckacwfrS Worldcup avmif;upm;wm acwfpm;wmr[kwf/ [dk; urBmOD;uwnf;u od=um;ESifh jAm[Rmrif;wdk@u avmif;upm; wmudk rdsK;aphcsay;oGm;jcif; jzpf.?)
avmif;a=u;uawmh tawmf}uD;onf? Edkifolu &H_;oludkacgif;jzwf=upwrf; [l.? vl@jynfa&mufawmh u0g vrdkif;q&m}uD;u od=um;rif;udk tEdkifay;vdkufonf? od=um;rif;u oem;=uifemwwfol qdkawmh vlrowf? onfawmh tifrwef uwdwnfonfh jAm[Rmrif;u t"dXmefvkdufjyD; ol@vnfyif;udk vufnd_;ESifh&pfvdkuf&m acgif;}uD; jywfusvmawmhonf?
jAm[Rmrif; uwdwnfonfu ra&;r}uD;? cufonfu onfacgif;jywf}uD;udk b,f pwkdcef;xJ oGm;odrf;xm; &rvJ qdkonfh jy\emjzpfonf? od=um;rif; OD;a%Smufpm;jyD? onfacgif;u &dk;&dk; olvdkigvdk omrefvl acgif;r[kwf? jAm[Rmrif;acgif;? a&xJypfcsvdkufv#if ork'N&m}uD;cef;ajcmufoGm;jyD; a&aeowW0gawG tm;vHk; aoa=uukefrnf? ukef; ay: ypfcsvdkufv#ifvnf; urBm}uD;rD;avmifoGm;rnf? avxJypfvdkufv#if ckeESpfywfvHk; rdk;acgifum owW0gtm;vHk;ao aus ysufokOf; ukefrnf? onfawmh od=um;rif; t=uHtzefvkyf&awmh.?
(Tonfudk&nfum ckacwfvlrsm;u jy\emt&_yftaxG;}uD;ay:vmygu jA[Rmrif;acgif; [k qdkjcif;jzpf.?)
olu wpfzufv#if ig;&mr#aomewforD;awGESifh aeolr[kwfvm;? onfawmh onftxJu uHqdk;ol r,f&Sif ckepfa,mufudk rJEd_ufum rJaygufonfhewforD; ckepfa,muftm; wpfa,mufwpf&ufpD udkifcdkif;.? wpf&ufukefv#if aemufwpfa,mufudkajymif;ay;? aemufwpf&ufukefjyefv#if aemufwpfa,mufudk xyfajymif;ay;? ewfjynfu wpf&ufonf vl@jynfrS wpfESpfESifh nDavawmh pm&_olrdwfaqGrsm;/ o=uFefpmzwfzl;v#ifawmh odygvdrfhrnf? onfESpf onfbmESpfjzpf.? od=um;rif;bmudkifjyD; bmpD;umqif;rnf? b,fewforD;u bmawG0wfpm;xm;jyD; jA[Rmrif;acgif; udk vJ$ajymif;ay;&m b,fewforD;u bmawG0wfpm;xm;jyD; idk,dkum,lvifh. pojzifh?
(usGefawmfi,fpOfu usGefawmfh t&D;rsm; OD;}uD;rsm;udk ESpfpOf o=uFefpmzwfjy&av&m/ o=uFefpmxJwGif bmawGa&;xm;onfudk awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ,ckwdkif tvGwf&aeygao;onf? xdk@jyif usGefawmfudk,fEd_ufuvnf; tjcm;pmrsm;xuf wpfrdsK;xl;jcm;aeaom o=uFefta[mrsm;udk pdwf0ifpm;ojzifh o=uFefpmrsm;udkpkjyD; pmtkyf}uD; csKyfxm;.? xdk@xuf usGefawmf 1987 rS 1991 avmufxd aA'ifynmudk a&ukefa&crf;/ wpdkufrwfrwf avhvmaom tcg o=uFefus&ufrsm;udk b,fodk@wGuf&onf/ o=uFefta[mrsm;udk b,fodk@xkwf&onfxd avhvmcJhzl;ygonf? Tum;pum;csyf) xm;ygawmh?
jA[Rmrif;acgif;jywfoGm;awmh acgif;r&dSaom cE
Tum; Ad\Edk;ewfrif;ta=umif; rdwfaqGrsm; odap&ef azmufonfcs&jcif;jzpfygonf? ckawmh oef;acgif ausmfoGm;jyD? eufjzefvnf; tvkyfqif;&OD;rnf? c%avmuf tdyfjyapOD;? (20-07-2006? 00;10 em&D)
(5)
ajymvufpESifh enf;enf;avmufajymjyaptHk;? onf;cHcGifhv$wf zwf&_yg? bmvkyfvdk@bmukdif&rSef;rodawmh pm;0wfaea&;cufcJjyD; vlawG xGufayguf&Sm=uwm t&rf;vnf; tjypfrqdkoifhygav? olwdk@udk vrf;zGifhay;bdk@ vdkyg onf? olwdk@tod^m%fudk zGifhay;bdk@ vdkygonf? vrf;jyay;bdk@vdkygonf? tvkyftudkiftcGifhtvrf;aumif;rsm; zefwD; ay;bdk@vdkygonf? vl@pdwfqdkonfrSm tm;aev#if raumif;wmbufa&mufwwfwm obm0yg? tb,fa&onf txufodk@ qefwufbl;ygoenf;? ygyoRö &rRwd raem (pdwfonfraumif;r_Yom arG@avsmf.) ?
usGefawmfOD;aqmifum pae"rRrdwfaqGrsm;tzJG@ udk zJG@xm;jyD; jrefrmjynf weHwvsm; tvSLrsm; vkyfcJh.? ,cif usGefawmf ydk@xm;aom pae"rRrdwfaqGrsm;tzJG@ aqmif&Gufr_rSwfwrf;rsm;udk zwf=unfhv#if odEdkifygonf? TY awG@&onfrSm usGefawmfwdk@vlrsm; (awmrSjzpfap/ jrdK@rSjzpfap) onf tifrwef&dk; vS/ t-vSSaom vlrsm;jzpfonf? pmayaumif;aumif;rwwfawmh bmA[kokwrS r&dS? tmaygiftm&if;oefoefESifh ajymolrsm;udk t[kwf}uD;xif udk;uG,fwwf=uonf? TonfudktcGifhaumif;,lum nmwmygaw;ESifh pD;yGm;&Smaeolaygif;(yg;pyfwpfckt&if;jyKum }uD;yGm;aeolrsm;) ArmjynfwGif axmifaygif;rsm;pGm&dSygonf?
onfawmh olwdk@tnmrcH&bdk@ ynmrsufpdzGifhay;bdk@ tifrwefta&;}uD;ygonf? usGefawmfwdk@vdk pmay avhvmbdk@/ urBmhA[kokwavhvmbdk@ tcGifhta&;&olrsm;taeESifh xdkolrsm;udk enf;enf;jzpfjzpf udk,fodor#av;/ udk,fvkyfEdkifwwfor#av;ESifh vkyfay;=uv#if rsm;pGm tudsK;&dSayrnf? xdk@xuf----
usGefawmfwdk@xuf- ausmif;rS txl;ojzifh wuUodkvfrS q&mq&mrrsm;rSm ydkjyD; tcGifhta&;&ygonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf olwdk@rSwqifh ynmwwfaygif;rsm;pGmudk vufqifhurf;Edkifaoma=umifh jzpfyg.? (pdkufydsK;a&; wuUodkvfrS vkyfazmfudkifbuf q&mq&mrtaygif;udk txl;ojzifh &nfn$ef;ygonf?)
usGefawmfwdk@ &Gmwpf&Gm&Gmodk@ tvSLoGm;vkyfv#if xdk&GmrS vlrsm;rSm rsm;aomtm;jzifh 0rf;omtm;&jzifh tm;wufoa&m yg0ifvkyfudkif=uwmawG@&ygonf? (udka&csrf;wdk@anmifwkef;rS xdefukef;ausmif;udkoGm;jyifawmh ae@cif;vmjyD; vkyftm;ay;&Hkr#ru nbufwGifyg q&mav;wdk@ ysif;aerSmpdk;vdk@ qdkjyD; r,f'vifwa'gifa'gifESifh vma&muf ajzazsmfaeygacsao;?) usGefawmfqdkvdkonfrSm acgif;aqmifaumif; vdkygonf? olwdk@udkom rSefrSef uefuefOD;aqmifay;v#if &yf&Gmaumif;udsK;udk trSefwu,fvkyfrnfholrsm; trsm;tjym;yif&dSygonf? a&S@aqmif EGm;vm;/ ajzmifhajzmifhoGm;u aemufEGm;pdkufpdkuf/ ajzmifhajzmifhvdkuf. qdkonfudk vlwdkif;odygonf? a&S@rSEGm;}uD;upjyD; [dkjcHwdk;/ 'DjcHwdk; wdk;aeygv#if ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´
2004 ckESpf usGefawmfArmjynfjyefpOfu vd_ifom,modk@toGm; bwfpfum;ay:rSaejyD; vrf;wav#muf avh vmrdygonf? ae@cif;a=umifawmifwGif ukuUdKyif&dyfatmufY ydkufausmfjcif; cwfaeolvli,frsm;/ tkwfcHkay:Y *pfwmwD;aeolvli,frsm;/ vrf;ab;vufzuf&nfqdkifrS cHkykuav;rsm;wGif bmawGrSef;rodudk tajctwifaqG;aEG;ae aom vlvwfydkif;/ vl}uD;ydkif;rsm;? [dkvdkvdkonfvdkvdk vrf;ab;Yvwf,m;vwf,m; vrf;ovm;aeaom t&G,f aumif;trdsK;orD;rsm; tajrmuftrsm; awG@&ygonf? olwdk@rSm vkyfp&mtvkyfr&dSvdk@om onfvkdjzpfae&jcif;jzpfonf? ydkufqHrvdkcsifol T'GEM,m}uD;wGif tb,fol&dSygoenf;? rufavmufp&mydkufqH&rnfh tvkyfom&dSygu cke usGefawmfjrifcJhaom vli,f/ vlvwf/ vl}uD;rsm;rSm raoGrkcs xvkyf=urnfrSm oHo,jzpfp&mr&dSyg? wdkif;jynfwdk;wuf a=umif;wGif t"duusaom vltiftm; t&if;tjrpf}uD; wenf;tm;jzifh manhour aygif; oef;aygif;rsm;pGmudk usGefawmfwkd@ ae@&dSoI tv[\ jzKef;wD;ypfae=ujcif; jzpfygonf?
(ydkufqHwwfEdkifolrsm;onf odk@r[kwf EdkifiHjcm;oGm;bdk@avmufatmif ydkufqHacs;vdk@&or#acs;Edkifolrsm;onf &or#vcuav;ESifh pifumyl/ rav;&Sm;/ udk;&D;,m; ponfhEdkifiHrsm;odk@ bm}uD;yJvkyf&vkyf& vkyfruG [k pGef@pGef@ pm;pm; oGm;vkyfae=uwm vlwdkif;tod? Todk@ tv$maygif;pHkY tvkyfrdsK;pHkvkyfaeol Armaygif; EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm; wGif odef;aygif;ajrmufrsm;pGm &dSrnfxifygonf? tb,folonf udk,fcspfaom ZeD;r,m;orD;om;udk ypfxm;um wdkif;wyg;odk@ vma&mufvkyfcsifygrnfenf;? EdkifiHjcm;rSmvkyfvdk@&onfhaiG wpf0ufavmufom ArmjynfrSm&/ eufjzef csufjcif; xjyef=urnfholcsnfh jzpfonf?) onfawmh vkduf&if; vdkuf&if; ckeu vdkif;awGudk vrf;vJGa&mufoGm;&jcif; jzpfyg.?
onfwGif tajzwpfck&ygonf?
usGefawmfwdk@vlawG bmvdk@ onfavmufawmif csJwdk@/ ESpfvHk;wdk@/ bdk;awmfwdk@/ tbbdk;rif;acgifwdk@/ *gxmwdk@/ rEWmefwdk@ aemufav#mufvdkufae&ygoenf;?
tajzuawmh xGufayguf&Smwmjzpfygonf? vkyfp&mtvkyfu aumif;aumif;r&dS/ vkyfjyefawmhtqifu rajy/ onfawmh [kwfvdk[kwfjim; tm;udk;&SmonfhtaeESifh }uD;udk;}uD;oGm;jyD; ykwD;pdyfvdkpdyf/ pD;yGm;wufaprnfh *g xmrsm;&Gwfvdk&Gwf/ od'd
onfawmhrS tajzudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; od&ygawmhonf? tajzrSm “acgif;aqmifaumif;” jzpfyg.?
onfpmudk onfr#ESifh &yfygrnf? udkcsGefvd_if0if;u -
usGefawmftdrfatmufrS jcawmifydk@udk jzdKjyD;tif'&if;avmif;wm ESifh
[dk rav;aumifudk ig;rr#m;bkd@ wm;wm -- bmuGmygovJ [k ar;xm;ygonf? aemufwpfcsuf-
avmavmq,f Ak'
rSwfcsuf-
Ak'
zwf&_&ef &nfn$ef;vdkaompmtkyfpm&if; (OD;pm;ay;tvdkufpDxm;ygonf)
(usGefawmfhacgif;xJ&dSoavmuf pm&if;vkyfay; vkdufygonf? jrefrmjynfjyefaomtcg xyf,lvmjyD; xyfjznfhay;ygrnf)
1? &wemh*k%f&nf - t&SifZeumbd0Ho
2? wuUodkvf "rRobif - oydwftdkifq&mawmf
3? jrwfAk'
7? tqifhjrifh Ak'
9? Ak'<0g'qdkif&mjy\emrsm; - xD;csdKifhq&mawmf
10? udk,fusifhtbd"rRm - t&SifZeumbd0Ho
11? b0t"dy`g,fESifh b0opPm - eENmodef;ZH
12? rdvdENy^Sm - omoema&;OD;pD;Xme
13? &wemoHk;yg;udk ,Hk=unfudk;uG,fqnf;uyfvmolwpfa,mufta=umif; - qef;vGif
14? wuUodkvf tbd"rRm - a'gufwmrif;wifrGef
15? v,fwD'DyeDaygif;csKyf - (rdcif{&m0wDpmtkyfwdkufxkwf)
16? pdwftqifhqifhjrifhwufjcif;obm0 - eENmodef;ZH
17? a&$awmifwuf'\e - qef;vGif
18? "rRp=umw&m;awmf - t&SifZeumbd0Ho
19? r*Fvokwf - okc
20? arwWmokwf - okc
21? Ak'
txl;tm;jzifh Ak'
at;jidrf;
21-07-2006
n 00;08 em&D
Saturday, September 20, 2008
Kochinsartayar
udk,fcsif;pmw&m;
usGefawmfESifh tvGef&if;ESD;aom oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf ESifhywfoufI udk,fcsif;pmw&m;ta=umif; awG; rdygonf?
vlwdkif;om udk,fcsif;pmw&m;&dSygrl Tonfhavmu}uD;Y tEDS 'kp&dkuf/ raumif;r_rdsK;rsm; ay:aygufvm p&mr&dSEdkif? &dSv#ifaomfrS tvGef@tvGef enf;yg;ayvdrfhrnf? tb,fha=umifhqdkaomf udk,fcsif;pmw&m;[lonf ol@udk 'Dvdkvkyfvdkuf&if/ ighudk 'Dvdkvkyf&ifaum cHEdkifyghrvm;? ol@udk 'Dvdkajymvdkuf&if ighudk 'Dvdkajym&ifaum cHEdkifygh rvm; [k csifhcsdefEdkifpGrf;;/ pmemEdkifpGrf; jzpfaoma=umifhwnf;?
b,folrqdk EdkifiHjcm;vmjyD; tvkyfvkyfjyD qdkuwJu udk,fhtdk;udk,fhtdrfESifh/ om;r,m;ESifh/ rdb aqGrdsK; rsm;ESifh cJGcGmjyD; ae=u&olcsnf; jzpfonf? rnfolrqdk rnfr#pkwfcsm rJGawaeygap/ udk,fhtdrfudk,fawmh cHkrif/ pHkruf =uolcsnf;jzpfonf? rnfr# aumif;aumif;rGefrGefae&onfqdkap/ udkf,fhòr@udk,fh&Gmudkawmh vGrf;=uolcsnf;jzpfonf? odk@aomf xdkodk@cHkrif/ pHkruf/ vGrf;onfqdk&HkESifh rjyD;? TcspfcifpHkrufvSygonfqdkaom udk,fhrdom;pktay: opPm&dSbdk@ awmh vdkonfxif.?
udk,fhZeD;r,m;uG,f&mrSm udk,fu azmufjym;aev#if udk,fhZeD;taeESifh b,fodk@cHpm;&rnfenf;? oli,fcsif;rsm;u “[m-'gu 'DrSmjzpfwJhudpP/ ArmjynfjyefoGm;&if ac:oGm;rSmrS r[kwfbJ?” [k qifajcwufonf qdktHh? usGefawmfuvnf; jyefvnfajz&Sif;csufay;ygrnf?
“'gjzifhAsm/ cifAsm; puFmylvmaewHk; [dku rdef;ru aumifav;wpfa,mufa,mufeJ@jzpfaer,f? cifAsm; jyefvmawmh cifAsm;udkyJ twnfaygif;r,f/ [dkaumifav;uawmh ol@tdrfoljyefoGm;qdk&if cifAsm; b,fheJ@aervJ?” usGefawmf*Gpum;ajymjcif;r[kwfyg? awG;oifhawG;xdkufonfudk awG;Edkifap&ef ajymjyjcif;omjzpfyg.? [kwfygjyD/ udk,fhZeD; olwyg;ESifh aysmfyg;aeonfudk vufoifhcH =unfjzLEdkifonfqdkygu oifvnf; ol@vdkbJ wjcm;rdef;uav; wpfOD;ESifh aysmfyg;ygav? odk@aomf udk,fhorD;avmufuav;ESifh raysmfygESifh [k xyfrH owday;vdkygao;onf?
tb,fha=umifhygenf;? udk,fhorD;EkEkxGwfxGwfuav;udk tdrfaxmifonfa,musfm;wpfa,mufESifh wJGae onfudk tb,frnfaomzcifonf onf;nnf;cHjyD; =unfhae&ufygrnfenf;? udk,fhorD;udk tdrfaxmifonf a,musfm;wpfOD;ESifh wJGoGm;onfudk r=unfhEdkifaom zcifwpfOD;taeESifh udk,fhorD;avmufom&dSaom aumifr av;wpfOD;ESifh rwJGygESifh [kom t=uHay;csifygonf? 'g-usGefawmfu udk,fcsif;pmw&m;vufudkifxm;um pOf;pOf; pm;pm; vkyfapcsifaom apwemESifh ajymjcif;omjzpfI rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufudkrS epfemapvdkI ajymjcif; r[kwfyg? Todk@ajym&atmifvnf; usGefawmfhwGif ZeD;r&dSovdk/ orD;qdkwmvnf; a0vma0;xJu jzpfygonf? odk@aomf usGefawmfhwGif ESr ig;a,muf&dSojzifh ESrcsif;tjrJpmemygonf? b,frdef;uav;udkrS r[kwfwmvkyfbdk@ pdwfr#yifrul;cJhyg? ighESromqdk&if [laompdwf usGefawmfhwGif tjrJ&dSygonf?
odk@aomf a,musfm;av;wdk@bmombm0 aumifrav;acsmacsmav;awGudk ñudufcsifñudufrnf? &nf;pm; pum;ajymcsifajymrnf? odk@aomf ajymjyD; jyD;jyD;aysmufaysmuf oabmrdsK;ESifhr[kwfyg? r&csifvdk@om r&wmjzpfjyD; ajymwHk;uawmh wu,fhudk t[kwfajymjcif;omjzpfonf?
usGefawmfESifh tawmfav;&if;ESD;aom aumifav;wpfa,muf &dSygao;onf? igeJ@ b,faumifrav;eJ@ b,fvdkjzpfvdkufwm? bmawGjzpfvdk@ b,faq;cef;rSm b,fvdkvkyfvdkuf&w,f (olajymaeonfrsm;rSm tifrwef &Hk@&if; =urf;wrf;vSojzifh pmESifha&;jyIraumif;yg?) pojzifh ol@oli,fcsif;udk jrdef&nf &Suf&nf ajymjyaeonfrsm; udk em;ESifh qwfqwf=um;&aomtcg usGefawmfhrSm TvdkvlrdsK;rsm;udk tvGefatmhESvHk;em/ tvGef &HG&Smrdygonf?
odk@aomfr=umyg? ol@ESr a,musfm;wpfa,mufESifh vdkufajy;onf[k =um;&aomtcg ol@rSm qwfqwfcg aeygawmhonf? ol@ESr vdkufajy;aom xdkaumifonfum; wjcm;olr[kwf/ "gwfodjzpfaeaom ol@oli,fcsif; jzpf aeaoma=umifhwnf;? olESifh wcef;xJaeol/ ol@ta=umif;aumif;aumif;odol ol@oli,fcsif;/ usGefawmhfoli,f csif;u “[if- olrsm;ESrusawmh b,fvdkvkyfvdkufwm/ nmvdkvkyfvdkufwmeJ@ wajymxJ ajymaewJhaumif/ rSwf yvm;uG? ol@ESrusawmh jzpfaevdkufwm”(olajymonfrsm;rSm onfhxufjyif;xefygonf/ pmESifha&;jyvdk@raumif; yg?) pojzifh y,fy,fe,fe,f ESHygonf? umv0dyguf aemufydk;wufqdkonfrSm Tonfukd ac:onfxifh?
TudpPwpfrdsK;xJomr[kwfyg? rsm;pGmaom vlr_a&;e,fy,frS udpPrsm;pGmwdk@yif udk,fcsif;pmw&m;a&S@ xm;vdkufygu ajyvnfoGm;rnfh udpPrsm;csnf;jzpfygonf? Oyrm- ydkufqHacs;jyD; jyefawmif;&cufaom jy\em?
olcdk;vufrS ol0Sufvkjcif;? ,Hk=unfr_udk tvJGoHk;pm;vkyfI olwyg;ypPnf;udk rw&m;,ljcif; ponf/ponf?
jyD;cJhaomvu {&m0wD tifwmeuf r*~Zif;wGif emrnfausmfpma&;q&mr}uD;wpfOD;. aqmif;yg;wpfyk'f udk zwfvdkuf &I tawmfuoduatmufjzpf&bl;onf? aqmif;yg;wGif olwdk@i,fpOf ausmif;olb0u oli,fcsif; wpfpkwdk@ pm;=uaomuf=u&ef wpfae&moGm;=upOf jrif;vSnf;wpfpD;ESifh oGm;=uonf? vlursm;jyD; jrif;ruav;u i,faeojzifh jrif;ruav;r&Hk;Edkifwmudk rnfolur#qif;ay;rnf pdwfrul;=uyJ jrif;rqJGEdkifwmudkyif aysmfyg;ae vdkuf=uao;onf? aemuf ausmif;om;wpfa,mufu qif;wGef;ay;vkdufojzifh jrif;ruav;rSm rEdkfifh&ifum qJG oGm;&awmhonf? c&D;qHk;a&mufawmh jrif;ruav;rSm qwfqwfwkefum acsG;rsm;udk oHjym;ESifhyif jcpfcs&onf qdk.?
xdkaqmif;yg;zwfjyD; usGefawmfhrSm tawmfrausrcsrf;jzpfrdygonf? vlrsm;pifppfjzpfv#ufuESifh jrif;r&Hk;Edkif bl;qdkwm odbdk@raumif;bl;vm;? 'DavmufrS rodwwf=uawmhbl;vm;? udk,faysmfcsifwmwpfckwnf;ESifh jrif;r uav;udk rEdkifh0efxrf;cdkif;wm w&m;yg&J@vm;? usGefawmfomxdktzJG@xJygv#if ajcvsifav#mufoGm;rSm aocsmovdk a,musfm;av;tm;vHk;udkvnf; jrif;vSnf;ay:rS qif;ckdif;rSm jzpfygonf? rEdkif&ifum qJGae&aomjrif;ruav;udk oem;wmESifhyif usGefawmfpD;jzpfrSmr[kwfyg? jrif;ruav;ae&mudk c%uav;0ifjyD;ae=unfhprf;yg? oif b,fvdk cHpm;&rnfvJ odEdkifygrnf?
aemufwpfck- usGefawmfpdkufydsK;a&;wuUodkvfwGifvkyfaepOf 1994 ckESpf0ef;usifavmufu pufypPnf; 0,f&efwm0efjzifh rEWav;odk@ oGm;&ygonf? rEWav;odk@oGm;v#if aps;vnf;oufom/ blwmESifhvnf; eD;aom or0g,r wnf;cdkcef;wGif tjrJwnf;avh&dSygonf? jyefrnfhae@eHeufwGif blwmodk@ vrf;av#mufvmpOf (reuf 4 em&Dcef@om &dSygao;onf) opfyifrsm;ay:wGiftdyfae=uaom iSufuav;rsm;udk avaoewfrsm;ESifhypfcsaeaom vlwpfpkudk awG@&onfhc% usGefawmfhrSm tvGef@tvGef pdwfrcsrf;romjzpfrdygonf? olwdk@bmomolwdk@ at;at; csrf;csrf; tdyfaeaom iSufuav;rsm;udk oGm;jyD; owfjzwf&ufaom xdkvlrsm;udk usGefawmfu “cifAsm;wdk@rdom;pk tdyfaewHk; vlqdk;wpfpkuvmjyD; ckvdkyJ aoewfawGeJ@ypfcwf owfjzwf&if cifAsm;wdk@ b,fvdkcHpm;&rvJ” [k ar;csifygonf?
xdk@twl xdk pdkufysdK;a&;wuUodkvfwGifyif &dSaepOf wpfae@ qeftdwfrsm;udkwifvmaom jrif;vSnf;wpfpD; tdrfa&S@wHwm;udk ul;&efñud;pm;aeonfudk awG@&ygonf? qeftdwfESifh vSnf;rSm rr#yg? rEdkifh&ifum o,fvmjcif; jzpf.? jrif;crsm wHwm;udkrwufEdkifjzpfaeygonf? xdktcg jrif;vSnf;orm;rSm vSnf;udk qif;jyD;wGef;rnfr=uHbJ jrif;udkom vdSrfh&dkufaeygonf? usGefawmfhrSm rqDrqdkifpdwfwdkvmum ‘udkif;-'gavmufawmif&dSvSwJh acG;rom; awmh awG@=uao;wmayghuGm’ [k jrif;vSnf;orm;tm; vufoD;ESifhxdk;&ef tdrfay:rSqif;ygonf? usGefawmfyJ uHaumif;onfvm; rodyg/ xkdc% jrif;av;rSm tm;pdkuf&Hk;vdkufonfESifh xdkwHwm;udk ausmfvGefoGm;ygawmhonf?
usGefawmfvnf; wdkaeaompdwfudk xdef;um tdrfay:jyefwufcJhawmhownf;? r[kwfv#if rqdkifoludk xdk;=udwfr_ESifh b,fodk@jzpfavrnfrodEdkif?
xdkodk@aomjzpf&yfrdsK; usGefawmfr=umc% ñuHbl;ygonf? pm&_olwdk@vnf; ñuHbl;aumif;ñuHbl;=uygvdrfh rnf? udk,fcsif;pmpdwfuav;enf;enf;avmufxm;um xdkxdkaom bmrS qifajcruefEdkifonfh/ bmrS jyefrvkyfEdkif onfh ocif cdkif;&mcHae&aom wd&dp>mefuav;rsm;udk oem;aomtm;jzifh r#r#ww/ olESifh olwef&mwef&m 0efukd qJGcdkfif;oifhygonf? olwdk@crsm tbdk;tc wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS r&yJ rdrdudk vkyfausG;or_ðyaeonfqkdwm owdxm;bkd@ aumif;ygonf? csufpm;bdk@arG;xm;aom =uufudk owfpm;wmuawmh wjcm;jzpf.? odk@aomf =uifem oem;pdwf om&dSrnfqdkygu owfpm;&ufrnf r[kwfygav?
usGefawmf tv,fwef;ausmif;om;b0u ‘vlvdkodyg udk,fcsif;pm’ [laom w&m;pmtkyfav;udk zwfzl; ygonf? xdkpmtkyfwGif bk&m;tavmif;u aus;awmom;uav;b0/ ol@wGif tpfudkwpfOD;vnf; &dSygonf? (emrnfuawmh ok"Ek vdkvdk/ okre vdkvdk usGefawmfrrSwfrdawmhyg/) olwdk@. rdcif}uD; emrusef;jzpfaomtcg aq; q&mac:ygonf? q&mu a&m*gudk ,kefom;ESifh ukrS aysmufrnfqdk.? xdktcg tpfudk}uD;jzpfolu bk&m;avmif; nDi,f jzpfoltm; ,kefzrf;&atmif awmxJodk@ v$wfvdkufonf? nDjzpfolu awmwGif;0ifI ,kefzrf;&m tvG,f yif&onf? xdktcg ,kefuav;rSm a=umuf&SmvGef;I wkefaeonf? tar,kefr}uD;rSmvnf; om;twGuf &wufayG um tem;rS rcGmEdkifyJ [dkajy;vdkuf/onfajy;vdkuf jzpfae&Smygonf? xdkjzpf&yfudk jrif&aom bk&m;avmif; aus;awmom;av;rSm ,kefav;udk rzrf;&ufawmhbJ jyefv$wfvdkufygonf?
vufcsnf;Avmjzifh tdrfjyefvmaom nDjzpfoltm;awG@&aomtcg tpfudk}uD;u xdk;rnf =udwfrnf vkyf.? odk@aomf tar}uD;rSm a&m*gaysmufESifhaejyDD? nDjzpfol. udk,fcsif;pmempdwfu tartdk. a&m*gudk aysmufuif;atmif ukoay;vdkufjcif;yif jzpfonf?
usGefawmfi,fpOf a'oaumvdyfausmif;om;b0u [oFmwòr@/ rdk;aumif;ausmif;wdkufwGif wnf;um ausmif;wuf&ygonf? ausmif;ESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkif a&umwm}uD;wpfzufjcrf;wGif EGm;owf&Hk&dS.? reufapmapm usGefawmfqGrf;tkyf,l&mrSjyefvmwdkfif; EGm;rsm;udkay:um trJom;rsm;ukd awmif;}uD;rsm;wGifxnfhv#uf qdkufum; rsm;jzifh aps;odk@o,foGm;onfudkawG@&ygonf? wcgwcg nae ausmif;rS jyefvmcsdefwGif ay:rnfhEGm;rsm;udk ñud; rsm;jzifhoDv#uf qJGvmonfudkvnf;awG@&wwfonf?
ArmjynfwGifu tom;pm;&ef EGm;rsm;udk oD;oef@arG;wm tifrwef&Sm;vSjyD; rsm;aomtm;jzifh cdkif;EGm; rsm;udk tdkrif;rpGrf;jzpfvmaomtcg ay:pm;=uwmrsm;ygonf? xdk@a=umifh xdkay:rnfhEGm;rsm;rSm i,fi,f&G,f&G,f EGm;rsm;xuf EGm;tdk/EGm;rif;rsm;omrsm;.? odk@rdk@a=umifh ydefcsHK;um/ tm;tifukefcrf;aeaom EGm;}uD;rsm;omjzpf.?
a&S;vl}uD;rsm;uawmh EGm;rsm;onf vlESifhtaeeD;aoma=umifh vlrsm;ta=umif;em;vnfoifhoavmuf em;vnfae=uonf qdk.? qdkvdkonfrSm vlrsm;v_yf&Sm;wmudk=unfhjyD; 'DvlawG bmvkyfr,fqdkwm oabmayguf aewwfonf? usGefawmfuawmh Tonfudk,Hkygonf? tb,fha=umifhqdkaomf usGefawmfhtazrSm v,form; jzpf&m usGefawmfi,fpOfu v,f,mvkyfief;udk EGm;rsm;ESifh w&if;wESD;twlwuG vkyfudkifcJhbl;aoma=umifhjzpf.? xdk@a=umifh trJay:awmhrnfqdkonfESifh xdkEGm;rSm odaeygonf? rsuf&nfrsm;uswwfonf? uwkefu,if jzpfae wwfonf? ao&rnfudk ra=umufaom tb,fowW0grsm;&dSygoenf;? ouf&dSowW0grSefu udk,fhtoufudk,f awmh ESajrmwwf=uonfcsnf;?
xdkuJhodk@yif om;owf&Hkodk@ twJGvdkufqJGvmaomxdkEGm;tkyfrsm;xJwGif rsuf&nfpD;a=umif;rsm;ESifh EGm;tdk }uD;rsm;udk awG@&aomtcg usGefawmhf&ifrSm tifrwefxdcdkufvSygonf? tcsdK@EGm;}uD;rsm;rSm &dkufxm;ojzifh t&d_; &mrsm;yifraysmufao;yg? vlrsm;vkyfor#cHae&aom xdkoem;p&m owW0g}uD;rsm;. tom;udk tb,frSmv#if usGefawmfrdsKusEdkifygtHhenf;? xdk@jyifw0 v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;}uD; a&;aom EGm;arwWmpmudk zwf&aomtcg usGefawmfhrSm wpfoufwmywfvHk; trJom;jywfoGm;ygawmhownf;? cdkif;vnf;cdkif;ao;&J@/ tom;ukefcdkif;jyD;/ cdkif;vdk@raumif;wJhtcgusawmh owftpm;cH&rnf qdkonfudk xdkEGm;}uD;rsm;ae&mwGif c%uav;0ifum udk,fcsif;pm =unfh=uygukef?
usGefawmfuawmh v,f,mvkyfief;rsm;/ pdkufydsK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk pufESifhomjzpfapcsifygonf? Fully Mechanized Farming tqifhodk@ a&mufygu usJGEGm;rsm;udk oHk;p&mrvdkawmh? v,f,mvkyfief; tptqHk;udk pufrsm;ESifhom vkyf&awmhrnf? vlvnf;oufom/ jrefvnf;jref/ usGJEGm;rsm;vnf; csrf;om&m&? tifrwef aumif;avpG?
usGefawmf,ckvkyfaeaom ukrR%DwGif usGefawmfwdk@ESifh vkyfazmfudkifbuf rav;wpfa,muf&dSygonf? olu ig;r#m;&wm tifrwef 0goemyg.? tm;vyf&ufwdkif; ig;r#m;oGm;onfqdkonf? csufpm;bdk@r#m;jcif;xuf taysmfr#m;jcif;om jzpf.? usGefawmfu ig;r#m;csdwfESifh ol@tom;odk@remrusifxdk;&if; ol@udk&Sif;jyonf?
“rif;udkckvdkig;r#m;csdwfeJ@xdk;wm emovm;?([m-emwmaygh/) [kwfvm;? rif;tom;usawmh emwwf vdkufwm? ig; yg;[ufudk 'Dig;r#m;csdwf}uD;eJ@ a[movdk a[movdk csdwfjyD; qJGwmusawmh rif;u rembl;vdk@xif ovm;? rif;aysmfbdk@yg;bdk@twGufeJ@ ig;uav;crsm tifrwef rcsdrqef@emjyD; toufao&w,f? jzpfEdkif&ifawmh rif; ig;r#m;jyD;tyef;ajzwmudk av#mhvdkufyguGm? wjcm; tyef;ajzp&mawG wyHk}uD;yg” [k ajymjyygonf? olawmh rnfr# em;0ifonfrod? usGefawmfwdk@yifv,furf;pyfwGif tvkyfvkyf&onfhtcgwdkif; ig;rsm;jrifv#if raeEdkif? [m-ig;}uD;/ ig;}uD; ESifh r#m;csifpdwf tvGefjyif;xefaewwfygonf? vlwpfOD;. 0goem/ ADZqdkwm azsmuf&cufom; uvm;?
xdk@twlyif/ tvkyfxJwGifvnf; vkyfae&if; wjcm;olrsm;ypPnf;xm;oGm;onfudkjrifv#if tvpfokwfcsif onf? usGefawmfu “a[haumif/ rif;ypPnf;udk olrsm;,loGm;&if rif;b,fvdkcHpm;&rvJ” [kar;.? udk,fu bmr [kwfonfh ol@ypPnf;uav;udk ,lxm;vdkufonf? udk,fhtaeESifh avmavmq,f toHk;rwnfh? aemifusrS toHk; wnfhcsifwnfhrnf? odk@aomf avmavmq,fvkyfaeoltzdk@awmh ypPnf;. aiGwefbdk;xuf toHk;&nfwefbdk;onf tifrwef wefbdk;}uD;vSay&m xdkypPnf;uav;r&dSonfESifh vkyfief;a&S@qufvdk@ r&[kqdkv#if xdkol@taeESifh rnfr# pdwfqif;&Jvdkufygrnfenf;? udk,fwdkifvnf; vkyfaeonfjzpf&m bmrSwefbdk;r&dSaomypPnf;uav;yif jzpfvifh upm; wcgw&H xdkypPnf;uav;r&dSonfESifh bmrSqufvkyfvdk@r&aom tajctaerdsK; r=umc% ñuH&wwf ygonf? xdk@a=umifh bmyJ vkyfvkyf igomqdkv#if qdkaomtawG;rdsK; tjrJawG;oifhygonf? udk,fcsif;pmpdwf tjrJ xm;oifhygonf?
odk@rdk@a=umifh ausmf[def;u “ntdyf,m0ifwdkif;/ taotcsmawG;? rif;vkyfcJhwm wpfae@vHk;/ jyefppfaq;? bmawG b,fvdkrSm;,Gif;aecJhvnf;? pOf;pm;=unfholi,fcsif;” [k ol. t"dy`g,f&dSaomvl wGif owday;xm;jcif; jzpfyg.? rdwfaqGwdk@a&m tdyf,m0ifonfhtcgrsm;wGif TuJhodk@ ppfaq;bl;ygovm;? pOf;pm;oihfyg.? igajymovdk vkyf/ igvkyfovdkrvkyfeJ@ [k aemufovdkvdkESifh wu,frajymygESifh? a[h/ ighvdkvkyfjy/ aejyvdkufprf;yguG [k &J&J0Hh0Hh vli,frsm;twGuf pHerlem,lavmufoltjzpf aejyvdkufprf;yg[k wdkufwGef;vdkuf&ygonf?
jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif a[mxm;onfuawmh tifrwef &Sif;vSyg.? om;awmf&m[kvmudk oGefoif&mwGif--
1? ajymrnf}uHvnf;/ oifhpdwfxJ? tjrJqifjcifyg?
rdrd olwyg;/ ESpfOD;om;? b,fol@rsm; xdrvJ?
2? ðyrnf}uHvnf;/ oifhpdwfxJ? tjrJqifjcifyg?
rdrd olwyg;/ ESpfOD;om;? b,fol@rsm; xdrvJ?
3? awG;rnf}uHvnf;/ oifhpdwfxJ? tjrJqifjcifyg?
rdrd olwyg;/ ESpfOD;om;? b,fol@rsm; xdrvJ?
TonfrSm udk,fcsif;pmw&m;. tcsKyfyif jzpfygonf? TuJhodk@om vkyfrnf/ awG;rnf/ ajymrnf }uHwdkif; qifjcifjyD; vkyf/awG;/ajymrnf qdkygu TurBmavmu}uD; tb,fr# om,mvdkufygrnfenf;? odk@rdk@ a=umifh rdrdajymrnf/ vkyfrnf/ awG;rnf }uHwdkif; ig 'Dvdk ajym/ vkyf/ awG;vdkuf&if olb,fvdkrsm; cHpm;&ygvdrfhrvJ [k qifjcifwdkif;xGmum ajymEdkif/ vkyfEdkif/ awG;Edkif=uygap [k qENðyvdkuf&ygownf;? ?
at;jidrf;
26-12-2003
My Autobiography
usGEfkyf. udk,fwdkifa&;b0rSwfwrf;tusOf;
(at;+idrf;)
tcsD;
usGefawmfhta=umif;udk q&m rif;vSjraoG;u odcsifygw,fvdk@ rru ajymvmwJhtwGuf odyfrxl;qef;vSwJh usGefawmfh udk,fa&;rSwfwrf;av;udk usGefawmfa&;ay;vdkufygw,f? q&mñudufovdkoHk;EdkifygonfcifAsm;? usGefawmf tqiffajyovdk a&;vdkufwmjzpfwJhtwGuf pmracsmcJhvdk@&dS&if jznfhpGufom jyifqifzwf&_ygvdk@ arwWm&yfcHvdkuf&yg a=umif;?
trSefuawmh usGefawmhfta=umif; usGefawmfjynfhpHkEdkifor#jynfhpHkatmif a&;xm;wmav;&dSygw,f? okd@aomf vnf;yJ tcsdefodyfr&avawmh jyD;yJrjyD;Edkifbl;? tEdk@ tvkyfuvnf; vkyf&ao;oudk;As? pifumylrSmu ArmjynfrSmvdk r[kwfbl;? ydwf&ufodyf&Sm;wmuvm;? ae@wdkif;rdk;vif;urdk;csKyf tvkyf tvkyf eJ@ tcsdefukefae&awmh wjcm;Am[D& udpPawGudk tm;wJhtcsdefav;rSm uAsmu,mvkyf&wmudk;?
udkif;-ajymae=uma&mh/p=uygpdk@?
(1)
rlvwef;ausmif;om;b0
usGefawmhf&J@arG;aus;Zl;&Sif rdbESpfyg;uawmh OD;armifqdkif eJ@ a':oef; wdk@ygyJ? arG;aus;Zl;&Sifqdkawmh tqef; jzpfraebl;vm;Asm? usGefawmhfrSm ausG;tarESpfa,mufvnf;&dSao;w,f? a':r,f[ef eJ@ a':r,fñudif wJh? usGefawmhf ta=umif;ajym&if olwdk@udkvnf; csefxm;vdk@r&bl;? bmha=umifhvnf;qdkawmh usGefawmf'Dvdkb0rdsK; a&mufvmatmif vkyfay;wJh t"du aus;Zl;&SifawGjzpfvdk@bJ? [m-'g igñud;pm;vdk@jzpfwmyguGm/ igeJ@twlwlausmif;ae=uwJh [dkaumif awG bmjzpfvdk@wHk; qdkjyD;aus;Zl;uef;pum;rqdk&bl;? ñud;pm;w,fqdkwJhae&mrSm tcGifhtvrf;r&dSbJ &rf;jyD;ñud;pm;ae vdk@ bmt&mxifrSmwHk;/ a[m olwdk@u usGefawmhf&J@tpGrf;tpawG jyEdkifatmifvrf;zGifhay;vdkufawmh usGefawmf'Dvdk tajctaersdK;a&mufvmwmayghAsm? 'gjzifh olwdk@u b,fvdkaus;Zl;awGðycJhowJhvJ? =unfh&atmif?
usGefawmhfarG;Zmwd/csufjr_yfuawmh {&m0wDwdkif;/av;rsufESmòr@e,f/0g;awmuGif;aus;&GmygbJ? &GmuvJ acgif vdkufovm;rar;eJ@? {&m0wDwdkif;&J@ tpGefqHk;/ &Gm&J@taemufbufrSm bm&GmrSr&dSawmhbl;? &cdkif&dk;rbJ&dSawmhw,f? vrf;yrf;qufoG,fa&;ua&mwJh? tckrS ykodrf-rHk&Gmum;vrf;r}uD;aygufoGm;vdk@ oGm;a&;vma&;vG,fvmwm? usGef awmfwdk@i,fi,fwHk;uqdk b,f pufbD;awmifrSjrifbl;wmr[kwfwm? teD;qHk;òr@awGjzpfwJh av;rsufESmyJoGm;oGm;/ uGif;aumuf udkyJoGm;oGm; aEGbufrSmvSnf;eJ@oGm;vdk@&ayrJh/ vSnf;vrf;raygufwJh tcsdefawGrSmqdk ajcvsifwvSnfh/ ukef;a=umif;wvSnfh oGm;&wmyJ? òr@jyifuem;qdkvJ b,frSodyfra&mufbl;=ubl;? [oFmwavmufa&mufbl;&ifyJ [kwfvSjyD? (usGefawmfudk,fEd_ufudkyJ a'oaumvdyf 'kwd,ESpfa&mufawmhrS vli,fvkyftm;ay;eJ@ygvdk@ &efukefudk a&mufbl;&wmAsdK@?)
arG;ouU&mZfvnf;ar;vdkuftHk;? taz}uD;wdk@uawmh 1324 ckESpf wefcl;vvdk@ajymwmyJ/ 'gayrJh/OD;wefcl;vm;/ aESmif;wefcl;vm; raocsmbl;/ b,fES&ufrSef;vnf;rodbl;/ vqef;vdkvdk/vqkyfvdkvdk/ vqkyfxifyg&J@vdk@ajymw,f? 'geJ@ usGefawmfu aA'ifav;bmav;vnf; 0goemygavawmh udk,fh[mudk,f wGufcsufjyD; [m 'D&uf 'D v*f uawmh igeJ@udkufw,f qdkjyD; wefcl;vjynfhausmf 10 &uf n 10 em&DcJGvdk@ vkyfvdkuf&w,f? ausmif;tyfwJhtcgusawmh q&m awGu ESpfwpf&mjyuQ'def=unfhjyD; teD;pyfqHk;jzpfwJh 8-4-1962 udk usGefawmfharG;ae@tjzpfeJ@owfrSwfvdkufw,f? bmvdk@ 'gawGa&Smufajymae&ovJqdkawmh usGefawmfarG;pOfu usGefawmfwdk@&Gm&J@vlaer_tqifhtwef;udkodapcsifvdk@yJ?
usGefawmfarG;pOfu &Gmrajymif;&ao;bl;? &Gma[mif;rSmbJ&dSao;w,f? aemufawmh usGefawmfwdk@bufu A-u-y eJ@wuG a&mifpHkolykefawGudk tpdk;&u tðywfðzwfbdk@vdk@ usGefawmfwdk@&Gmudk tajcpdkufpcef;tjzpfeJ@ a&G;w,f? 'g ayrJh &Gm&J@zJG@pnf;yHku ppfwyftajcpdkufbdk@raumif;wJh twGuf &Gmudktopfjyefwnfw,f? tckvuf&dS&Gm[m AsL[m ajrmufwnfxm;wJh &GmyJ? wnfaqmufyHktaeeJ@ tifrwefvSwJh&GmayghAsm? 'gayrJh &Gmom;awG txdrf;todrf;rwwf vdk@ tckawmh &GmuyHkysufyef;ysufjzpfaejyD/ tifrwefESajrmbdk@aumif;wmayghAsm? usGefawmf &Gmjyefa&mufawmh ajymjy ayrJh b,folrS pdwfr0ifpm;=ubl;? b,fAsm/ udk,fhxrif;udk,fawmif 0atmif &Smpm;csifwJholawGr[kwfwm? ydkufqH r&wJhtvkyf b,folvkyfrSmwHk;? ajym&if udk,fhaygifudk,fvSefaxmif;ovdkaeawmhr,f?
rlvwef;ynma&;qdkwmvnf; usGefawmfausmif;raecif oHk;av;ESpfuav;urSpwm/t&ifu &GmrSm rlvwef; ausmif;awmif&dSwm r[kwfbl;? usGefawmfausmif;aeawmh ajcmufESpfom;/ av;wef;atmifawmh q,fESpfom;/ 1972 ckESpf/ tJ'Duwnf;u &GmeJ@/taz tareJ@ pcJG&wm ckxdcJG&wHk;qdkygawmhAsm? usGefawmfu i,fi,fav;uwJu pmawmf cJhwmAs? ºum;w,frxifygeJ@Asm? trSefajymwmyg? oli,fwef;uae udk;wef;txd/ tprf;pmar;yJGawGrSma&m/ twef; wifpmar;yJGawGrSma&m tjrJ yxr&wmcsnf;yJ? wcgbl;r# a,mifvdk@awmif 'kwd, r&cJhpzl;bl;? q,fwef; a&muf awmhvnf; av;rsufESmòr@e,frSm usGefawmftrSwftrsm;qHk;yJ?
'gayrJhAsdK@/ tJ'Dtcsdefu usGefawmfwdk@&Gmu todtjrifrºu,f=uao;awmh ynma&;udk tm;ay;&aumif;rSef; b,folrS rod=uao;bl;? rodwmwifrubl;/ ausmif;xm;wJholawGudk atmifr,f olwdk@uawmif uJh&J@ oò*[f twif;qdk=uao;Asm? atmifr,fav;/ awmfygao;&J@Asm/ usGefawmf t&D;r,f[H&J@ nDrtaxG;qHk; usGefawmhftar&J@ AdkufxJ 0ifrdayvdk@bJ/r[kwfvdk@uawmh usGefawmffvnf;ckavmufqdk &GmrSm v,fxGefvdk@aumif;wHk;&dSrSmbJ? usGefawmhf t&D;awGudk usGefawmf aus;Zl;wifvdk@ trdsK; rqHk;bl;AdsK@? tJ'DvdktajctaeawG =um;xJu t&D;r,f[Hwdk@u usGef awmfwdk@armifESrawGudk olrsm;tajymtqdkcHjyD; (udk,fhydkufqHeJ@udk,fausmif;xm;wmawmif twif;ajym=uao;oAsm) ausmif;xm;ay;wm eJeJaemaem aus;Zl;r[kwfaybl; udk,fhq&m?
(q&m=unfhcsif=unfh&atmif usGefawmfwdk@&Gm&J@ ynma&; ordkif;a=umif;av;vnf; usGefawmf yl;wJG xnfhay; vdkufygw,f? yxrydkif; awG@&rJh q,fwef;atmifwdk@ bJG@&wdk@qdkwm usGefawmfwdk@armifESrawGcsnf;bJ? Tum;pum; csyf?)
usGefawmfwdk@ av;wef;atmifawmh ausmif;qufxm;bdk@ujy\emjzpfvmw,f? bmha=umifhvJ qdkawmh usGefawmfwdk@ tpfudk}uD; udkat;aomif;u uGif;aumufudk t&ifausmif;oGm;wufwmudk;? olrsm;tdrfrSm wnf;wuf& awmh b,f tqifajyrvJAsm? 'Dawmh av;wef;atmifwJh uav;awGuvnf;rsm;vmjyD? olrsm;tdrfrSm wðyHwacgif; }uD;oGm;xm;vdk@uvnf;rjzpf qdkawmh t&D;r,f[H&,f/ OD;}uD;bdk;axmif&,f/ OD;}uD;icspf&,f/ taz}uD;&,f acgif;csif;&dkuf=uw,f? (tr}uD;&J@arG;csif;awGudk }uD;pOfi,fvdkufpOfjy&&if t&D;r,f[H/ t&D;r,fñudif/ OD;}uD; bdk;axmif/OD;}uD;icspf/ tr}uD; uawmh ti,fqHk;ayhgAsm/ [kwfw,f-usGefawmfwdk@u tar udk tr}uD;vdk@bJac:w,f/)
aemufawmh usGefawmfwdk@tdrfudk zsuf/ usGefawmfwdk@rdom;pkawGu t&D;wdk@eJ@aygif;ae? zsufvdk@&wJh usGefawmf wdk@tdrfudk uGif;aumufudk a&$@aqmuf/ t&D;r,f[H u usGefawmfwdk@ pm;0wfaea&;/ usef;rma&;awGudk =unfh&_ apmifha&Smufbdk@ uGif;aumufudk vdkufae? 'DvdkeJ@ usGefawmfav;wef;atmifjyD; ig;wef;wufbdk@ uGif;aumufudk rtlr vnfeJ@ a&mufvmw,f?
(2)
tv,fwef;ausmif;om;b0
tv,fwef;wufwmu t*Fylòr@e,f/uGif;aumufqdkwJh òr@i,fav;rSm? tv,fwef;ausmif;qdkayrJh tv,f wef;pmppfXme&dSwmr[kwfbl;? 8 wef;pmar;yJGudk t*Fyl udkoGm;ajz&w,f? usGefawmfi,fi,fu tawmfn‡ufwmAs? ao;ao; rJrJav;? 'gayrJh tJ'Dtcsdefu udk,fhudk,fudk vlydsK}uD;vdkxifaewmudk;? tck tJ'DwHk;u&dkufxm;wJh "gwfyHkxJ jyef=unfhawmhrS ausmif;aebufoli,fcsif;awGxJrSm usGefawmfu tao;qHk;jzpfaewmvm;? twef;xJrSm vlaumif uvnf;ao;/ pmuvnf;awmfawmh q&mq&mrawG cspfw,f? t*FvdyfpmoifwJh q&mra':wifwifat; qdk&if usGefawmfhtem;vmjyD; yg;av;vdrfqGJvdkuf/ em;&Gufav;vdrfqJGvdkufeJ@ usGefawmfckxdrSwfrdaeao;w,f? usGefawmfeJ@ wJGwJhaumifav;awGuvnf; tm;vHk;n‡ufwuf yufwuf uav;awGcsnf;yJ?
usGefawmfwdk@tdrfu uGif;aumufawmifbufurf;rSm/ ausmif;u ajrmufbufurf; tpGefqHk;rSm qdkawmh tdrf eJ@ausmif;u awmfawmfav;vSrf;w,f? awmifbufurf;eJ@ ajrmufbufurf;udk eefuolacsmif;u jcm;xm;w,f? rdk;wGif;qdk&if a&awGu acsmif;eJ@tjynfh? a&pD;uvnf; wtm;=urf;wm? pD;&wJhavSuav;u 14 awmifavSuav;? tifrweftEW&m,frsm;w,f? uav;awGqdk awmh a=umuf&vef@&aumif;rSef;vnf;rodbl;? waysmfwyg;}uD;yJ? avSarSmufvdk@aow,f qdkwmvnf;odyfr&dSavawmh 'DvdkyJ vl}uD;awGuvnf;v$wfvdkufwmbJ?
usGefawmfausmif;wufwHk;u usGefawmfwdk@tdrfrSm udkudkwifxl;&,f/rr &,f/ usGefawmf&,f/&ifEk&,f/ aemuf awmh jrifh &,f ausmif;ae=uw,f? ausmif;ydwfvdk@&Gmukdjyef=u&if tifrwefaysmfp&maumif;wmayghAsm? usGefawmfwdk@ &GmeJ@ uGif;aumufu 14 rdkifa0;w,f? 'DvdkyJ ajcvsifokwf=u&wmbJ? pD;p&mqdkvdk@ zdeyfuvJGjyD; bmrS&dSwmr[kwfbl;? oGm;&wJhvrf;uvnf; wm&dk;uwpf0uf/ awmvrf;uwpf0uf/ v,fawGudkjzwf/ uZif;(uefoif;)awGudkausmfayghAsm? vrf;&,fvdk@awmif owfowfrSwfrSwf&dSwmr[kwfbl;? vrf;rSm rdk;wGif;qdk&if usGwfawG ar#mhawGuvnf;aygrSayg? ql; awGpl;vdkpl;ayghAsm? 'gayrJh udk,fh&Gmqdkawmhvnf; jyefcsifwmyJ? r=umc%udk jyef=uwm?
wcgu rdk;wGif;buf}uD; &Gmtjyef ig;ydbHk;acsmif;rSm a&awGwtm;}uD;aewmudk/ usGefawmfwdk@eJ@twljyef vmwJh udkcspfvd_ifu [Jhaumifav;/aumifrav;awGvm/ ighcg;udkzufxm; qdkjyD; iSufaysmwHk;}uD;eJ@ tifrwefa&pD;oef wJh acsmif;udk jzwful;&wm ckrS awG;&if; &ifawGwHkrdw,f? usGefawmhfnDrav; jrifh qdk xdu&Hk;awG ,Svdk@ ajcaxmufrSm ESif;clawGpJGwm renf;uk,l&w,f?
pmar;yJGawGjyD;vdk@ &Gmjyef&ifawmh v,ftvkyfulvkyf&wmaygh/ usGefawmfu EGm;ausmif;&w,f? tifrwef pdwfnpfp&maumif;wm? udk,fuvnf;EGm;awGudk rEdkif/EGm;awGuvnf;olajy;csif&majy;eJ@ usGefawmfhrSm aocsifapmfudk eHaewmyJ? 'DvdkeJ@ wcgawmh EGm;awG v,fxJjzwfajy;vdk@ twif;vdkuf&muae &$H@xJðrwfaewJh xef;vuf}uD;u aZmif;eJ@ 0ifwdkufwm ajcovHk;[ufwufuJGoGm;wm/ckxd tJ'Dtem&Gwfraysmufbl;?
usGefawmf 7 wef;rSm tr}uD; qHk;w,f? tJ'DwHk;u tck uGefðykwmpmpDpm&dkufvkyfaewJh nDrti,fqHk;av;u wpfESpforD;eJ@usefcJhwm? udkcspfvd_ifvmac:vdk@ usGefawmfwdk@vnf; bkrod/brodeJ@ jyefvdkufoGm;&w,f? rr uawmh tawmfav;odwwfaejyDqdkawmh vrf;rSmuwJuidkw,f? usGefawmhfpdwfxJrSmawmh tvdk rr bmvdk@rsm; idkygvdrfh aygh? usGefawmfu i,fi,fav;xJu cyftla=umifa=umif&,fAs? tJ'Dtxdr&dyfrdbl;? aemuf tdrfa&mufawmhrS a=omf tr}uD; qHk;vdk@ygvm;vdk@ od&awmhw,f? rD;,yf0rf;vdk@ajymwmbJ? trSefuawmh aq;ynm A[kokw tm;enf; wm&,f/ olemðywdk@bmwdk@ r&dSwm&,f? aq;aumif;0g;aumif; r&dSwm&,fa=umifh rqHk;oifhbJ qHk;&wmvdk@ usGefawmf xifw,f? b,fAsm 0rf;av#mwmavmufeJ@ ao&w,fvdk@? at;av rwwfomawmhvJ uHyJ yHkcs&awmhrSmaygh?
trSwfw& usGefawmfwkd@ 8 wef; twef;wifpmar;yJG t*FyludkoGm;ajzawmh usGefawmfa&m rrrSmyg ocsFm pmtkyfawG ygrvmbl;? arhusefae&pfcJh=uw,f? tJ'DwHk;u usGefawmfeJ@rru twef;csif;twlwl? oli,fcsif;wpf a,mufqDoGm;iSm;awmh b,fay;vdrfhrvJAsm? olvnf;=unfhaewmbJ[m/ atmifr,f iSm;vdk@r&awmh udk,fuawmif tjypfwifygao;vm;/udk,fuawmh *&kwpdkufeJ@ aoaocsmcsm r,lcJhbJeJ@? 'gayrJhAsdK@ tJ'DESpfrSm usGefawmfocsmF *k%fxl; ygw,f? ausmif;tkyfq&mr}uD; a':cifcifa&$u t*Fvdyf tbd"gefpmtkyfuav; qkcsw,f? tJ usGefawmfwdk@ &Spfwef;vnf;atmifa&m ausmif;ajymif;&jyefa&m?
(3)
txufwef;ausmif;om;b0
usGefawmfwdk@&Gmu av;rsufESmòr@e,f/ ausmif;oGm;wufwJh uGif;aumufu t*Fylòr@e,fqdkawmh q,fwef; atmifwJhtcg tvkyf&Smbdk@twGuf cufjyefa&mAs? 'Dawmh t&D;wdk@ OD;}uD;wdk@ wdkifyifjyD; uGif;aumufuae av;rsufESm udkajymif;cJh=ujyefw,f? uGif;aumufutdrfudka&mif;/ av;rsufESmrSm oifhwifh avsmufywftdrfwpfvHk;0,f/ t&D;eJ@ usGefawmfwdk@ armifESrwawG todkufajymif;cJh=ujyefw,f? av;rsufeSma&mufawmh jrifhpdk; yga&mufvmw,f?
tifrwefcufw,fAsm? vlawGu? 'D [vm;? uGif;aumufwdk@/av;rsufESmwdk@qdkwm òr@om trnfcHw,f? um;wpfpD;rS &dSwmawmifr[kwfbl;? av;rsufESmrSmqdk qdkufum;awmif q,fpD;jynfhatmif &dSwm r[kwfbl;? 'gayrJhAsdK@ usGefawmfwdk@u olwdk@xufawmuswJhae&mu vmwmqdkawmh a&mufa&mufcsif;EdSrfwmyJ? 'Daumif awmom;? ykqdk;0wfwmu b,fyHk tusô0wfyHkub,fenf;/ pojzihfayghAsm? usGefawmhftpfudk udkat;aomif;qdk pdwfu vnf;cyfqyfqyf qdkawmh ol uGif;aumuf a&mufpu ol@oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufu ol@udk 0g;awm 0g;awm eJ@ ac:vdk@ pdwfqdk;jyD; tkwfcJeJ@vdkufxkbl;w,f? (usGefawmfwdk@&Gmemrnfu 0g;awmuGif;av?)
usGefawmfav;rsufESma&mufpuvnf; 'DvdkbJ? vluom txufwef; a&mufvmw,f? rtlrvnfbJ&dSao; awmh av;rsufESmuaumifawGu ESdrfw,fayghAsm? 'gayrJh aemufawmhvnf; oli,fcsif;awGjzpfoGm;jyD; usGefawmfu olwdk@txuf(ynma&;rSm)a&mufoGm;wmygbJAsm? udk;wef;wHk;u usGefawmftwef;xJrSm yxr&ayrJh jrifhjrifhpdef qdkwJh aumifrav;wpfa,mufeJ@ trSwfcsif;wlaevdk@ yxr ESpfa,mufjzpfcJhbl;w,f? 'gayrJh òr@e,fvHk;usGwf pmpD pmuHk;òyfifyGJrSm usGefawmf yxr&w,f? usGefawmfhrvnf; a&mufav&mrSm t&m&meJ@ ta=umif;a=umif;csnf;qdkovdk bJ? jzpfyHkajym&tHk;r,f?
udk;wef;rSm vl&nfcsGefa&G;pmar;yJGajzbdk@a&G;awmh usGefawmfvnf;ygwmayghAsm? 'geJ@ pmawG@A[kokwu bmrS jy\emr&dSbl;? usGefawmfu i,fi,fav;xJu pmzwfwm tifrwef 0goemygavawmh pmayA[kokwav;bmav; &dSoAs? 'geJ@oli,fcsif;awGu rif; tm;upm;ajzbdk@ydkta&;}uD;w,f? tdyfxrwfwifusifh/reufapmapmxajy; bmnm ayhgAsm? usGefawmfuvnf; arG;uwnf;u tm;upm;qdkvdk@ bmtm;upm;rS pdwfvnf;r0ifpm;/ 0goemvnf;rygawmh olwdk@ajymwJhtwdkif; vkyf&wmayghAsm? 'geJ@AsKd@/ aqmif;wGif;buf}uD; reufapmapm csrf;csrf;pD;pD;eJ@ xajy;yga&m? ajy;wJh yxrae@rSmbJ tdrfuxGufvdk@rS odyfra0;ao;bl;? olckd;/olcdk; eJ@ vdkufygava&mAsm? vlwpfa,mufu "g;}uD;eJ@ a[haumif rajy;eJ@ qdkjyD; twif;vufvmqJGawmh usGefawmfvnf; &ifawGtonf;awG wkefvdkuforS pum;awmif aumif;aumif;rajymEdkifbl;? aemufrS rif;b,fuaumifvJ qdkvdk@ usGefawmfOD;usifysdK@ wlyg/ vl&nfcsGefpmar;yJGajzbdk@ tajy;avhusifhwmyg qdkrS jyefv$wfvdkufvdk@ ukwfukwfuav;jyefvm&w,f? (OD;usifydsK qdkwmu òr@rsufESmzHk;/or0g ,r OuUX/ygwDaumifpDrSmvnf; vl}uD;) aemufae@usawmh tkwfatmfaomif;wif;ayghAsm? usGefawmfwdk@udk "gwkaA' oifwJh a':at;jrpdef;qdkwJh q&mracsmacsmav;u jzpfrSjzpf&av ighwynfh&,f vdk@qdkjyD; &Dawmh usGefawmhfrSm&Sufvdkuf wm rajymygeJ@awmhAsm? jzpfyHk jzpfyHk?
usGefawmfwdk@ txufwef;ausmif;om;b0u av;rsufESmjyef=um;a&;pm=unfhwdkufrSm pmtkyfaumif;aumif; awG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;&dSoAs? usGefawmftjrJoGm;zwfavh&dSw,f? 'gayrJh usGefawmfu pmawGomzwfjyD; jyify A[k okw usawmh enf;w,fvdk@ qdk&rSmayghAsm? wenf;tm;jzifhvnf; cyftt cyfEHkEHkvdk@ ac:&rSmaygh? bmvdk@vnf;qdk awmh usGefawmfwdk@ q,fwef;a&mufawmh rSwfyHkwifawGvkyf=u&w,f? 'geJ@ usGefawmf jrifhpdk;udkac:jyD; v-0-u &Hk;oGm;w,f? [dka&mufawmh usGefawmfrSwfyHkwif vkyfcsifvdk@ygaygh? 'Dawmh &Hk;u wpfa,mufu [m &w,fnDav;/ tpfudkvkyfay;r,f/ c%apmifh qdkjyD; usGefawmfhqDu "gwfyHkawG,l/ [dktcef;0ifvdkuf/ 'Dtcef;0ifvdkufeJ@ c%aeawmh jyefxGufvmw,f?tJ'Daemuf nDav; ig;usyfavmuf c%ay;vdkufuGm qdkjyD; tjyifxGufoGm;wm awmfawmf =umw,f? jyefvnf;vma&m usGefawmfhudk rSwfyHkwifay;w,f? usGefawmfuvnf; aus;Zl;wifygw,ftpfudk qdkjyD; ckeu c%iSm;oGm;wJh (acs;wmr[kwfbl;As/iSm;oGm;wm) ig;usyfudkjyefawmif;w,f? 'Dawmholu ðyH;wJhjyD; [m nDav; tpfukdvzuf&nf aomufvdkufvdk@ ukefoGm;jyD vdk@ qdkoudk;? 'geJ@jyefvmvdk@ vrf;a&mufawmhrS jrifhpdk;u udkat;jidrf; uvnf; olvdkcsifvdk@ awmif;oGm;wmrsm; jyefawmif;aeao;w,f vdk@ tjypfwifw,f? rodbl;avuGm olu c%ay; vdkufyg qdkvdk@jyefawmif;wmuG/ rif;wdk@ ig;usyfay;&r,fqdk b,fjyefawmif;yghrvJ vdk@ jyefajymvdkufw,f? usGefawmf ajymygw,f/ tJ'Davmufxd tlwm?
q,fwef;pmar;yJGawGajzjyD;awmh atmifpm&if;xGufbdk@apmifhaewJhtawmtwGif; usGefawmf&GmjyefjyD; taz }uD;eJ@ v,fulvkyfw,f? taz}uD;uvnf; usGefawmfhudk a,musmf;aumif;wdk@wwftyfwJh v,fxGefenf;/ydsK;E_wfenf;/ xif;yif&Smenf;/(a[m'gu arsmufacsmyifac:w,f? cJGvdk@vG,fw,f? rD;vnf;aumif;w,f? 'guawmh bmyif/ cJGvdk@ tifrwefcufw,f? tJ'DtyifrsdK;udk ra&G;eJ@/opfyifudk 'DbufudkvJapcsif&if b,fvdk p ckwf&r,f?b,fvdkvSJ&if udk,fh twGuftEW&m,f&dSw,f - pojzifhayghAsm)/0g;ckwfenf;/jcHumenf; bmnmuGduG awmolawmifom;wdk@ wwftyfwJh tXm&o 18 &yfudk vufawG@ oifay;w,f?
rdk;wGif;a&mufawmh v,fpvkyf=uw,faygh/usGefawmfux,fxdk;w,f? taz}uD;uv,fxGefw,f? x,fxdk;& wmawmh rcufygbl;Asm? cufwmuEGm;awGAs? 'DaumifawGu vlawGeJ@aevmwm =umawmh tifrwefyg;w,f? olwdk@ Zufñud;udkudkifvdkufwmeJ@ 'DaumifEGm;armif;wwfovm; rarmif;wwfbl;vm;qdkwm odw,f? v,fxJ0ifp reufydkif; rarmcif tm;vHk;tdkau/ usGefawmfawmifarmif;p&m odyfrvdkbl;? olwdk@[molwdk@yJ x,fcJGoGm;wmyJ? 'gayrJhAsdK@ q,fem&Davmufa&mufvmawmh 'DaumifawG usGefawmhfudk ynmjyjyD? [dkbufqJGoGm;vdkuf/'DbufqJGoGm;vdkuf eJ@ renf;xdef;ae&w,f? udk,fuvnf; wreufvHk; &H$@xJrSm 'DaumifawGeJ@ tðydif&Hk;ae&wmqdkawmh ,dkifaejyD/ 'Dawmh yifyef;wmuwrdsK;/'DaumifawGudk renf;xdef;ae&wmu wrdsK;eJ@ tifrwef pdwf"gwfuswmuvm;? wcgawmh reuf q,fhwpfem&DavmufrSm b,fvdkrS xdef;vdk@r&awmhbJ 'DaumifawG wdkifyifxm;ovm;rodygbl;Asm? ydsK;cif;awGxJ twif; jzwfajy;yga&m/ usGefawmfvnf;twif;qJGwmbJ/ 'gayrJh olwdk@u ESpfaumifqdkawmh b,fvdkrS qJGvdk@r&bl;? x,fwHawGtm;vHk;usdK;ukefyga&mvm;? usGefawmfvnf;pdwfwdkwdkeJ@ wtm;vdSrfhjyef&dkufvdkufw,f? aemufae@ usawmh olwdk@ausmay:rSm usGefawmf&dkufxm;wJh t&d_;&mawGjrifawmh usGefawmfrsuf&nfawmifusrdw,f? t&rf;udk pdwfr aumif; jzpfoGm;wm? a=omf-olwdk@crsm/yifyef;&Smvdk@ vkyfrdvkyf&m vkyfwmaybJvdk@ tJ'DawmhrS owdw&m;&w,f? [kwfw,fAsm/olwdk@ pum;rajymwwfvdk@/ ajymrsm;ajymwwf&if usGefawmfwdk@udk jyefajymrSmbJ? tJ'Duwnf;u usGef awmfvnf; wd&dpmefawGudk &dkufwmjrif&if a'goxGufwJhtusifhygvmawmhwmbJ?
tJ-v,fxJqif;vdk@ odyfr=umvdkufygbl;? usGefawmfyifyef;jyD; tjyif;txefzsm;ygava&mAsm? t&D;wdk@qdkwm taz}uD;udk qlvdkuf}udrf;vdkufwm bmajymaumif;rvJAsm/ [if-uav;EkEkav;udk wcgrS rvkyfbl;wJhtvkyfawG eif; uef cdkif;&rvm;? rawmfwpfckck jzpfoGm;&if b,fheJ@vkyfrvJ eJ@ tm; yGufavm&dkufukefwmbJ? aemufawmh odyfyifyif yef;yef;rvkyf&awmhbl;? 'gayrJh usGefawmfuvnf; tvum;raewwfawmh taz}uD;eJ@ awmufav#muf ygaewmyg bJ? tJ'DrSmawm&J@obm0/ awmolawmifom;awG b,fvdkvkyf&udkif&w,f/ aiGwGif;b,favmufeufa=umif; vuf awG@ rsufjrifodcGifh&cJhwmbJ?
Zlvdkifva&mufawmh q,fwef;atmifvkyftm;ay;taeeJ@ usGefawmfwdk@&Gmu ausmif;rSmyJ jyefjyD; rlvwef;jy q&maygufpeav;tjzpfeJ@ vkyftm;ay;w,f? usGefawmfu ao;ao;n‡ufn‡ufav;qdkawmh wcsdK@ ausmif;om;}uD; awGu rcef@bl;? wcgawmh usGefawmhudk vd_if0if;qdkwJhaumifav;wpfa,mufu ajymifjyw,f? usGefawmfu usGefawmfh twef;u ausmif;om;av;ig;a,mufudk tJ'Daumifzrf;jyD;ac:cJhprf;uGm vdk@ v$wfvdkufawmh 'Daumif um;,m; um; ,m;eJ@ ygvmw,f? udkif; ighudk rcef@av;pm;vkyfwJhaumif/ vmygtHk;uG vdk@ ausmif;om;awGudk csKyfckdif;jyD; zifvSefaqmf xnfhvdkufwm aemuf vrf;rSmawG@wmawmif &J&Jr=unfh&Jawmhbl;? ausmif;om;awGvnf; tawmfzdef@oGm;w,f?
atmifpm&if;xGufawmh &ly-"gwk *k%fxl;eJ@ usGefawmfatmifw,f? wygwnf; a'oaumvdyfwufbdk@ vrf; n$efeJ@ av#mufv$mawGyg&w,f? usGefawmfocsFmudk 0goemygrSef; udk,fhudk,fudkawmh odyg&J@/ 'gayrJh b,fbmomwJG a&G;&rvJqdkwm rqHk;jzwfwwfbl;? usGefawmfwdk@acwfu wuUodkvfra&mufcif a'oaumvdyfqdkwm wqifh wuf& ao;w,f/ wuUodkvfwufbdk@ tqifhrDwJholawG eJ@ ynma&;udkpdwf0ifpm;wJholawG wuUodkvfqufwuf? wuUodkvf wufbdk@ tqifhrrDwJholawGeJ@ tvkyfyJvkyfcsifygw,fqdkwJholawG twGuf oufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynmoifausmif;awG oGm;ayghAsm? tJ'DrSm a&G;p&m bmomwJGav;ckay;xm;w,f?
ody`H(ocsFm)/ody`H(ZD0)/0dZ…m(ocsFm)/0dZ…m(&dk;&dk;) qdkjyD; udk,fñuduf&mudk a&G;Edkifw,f? ody`H(ocsFm),l&if tjrifhqHk; pufr_wuUodkvfudk wufvdk@&r,f? ody`H(ZD0) ,l&if tjrifhqHk; aq;wuUodkvf wufvdk@&r,f? 0dZ…m(ocsFm) ,l&if tjrifhqHk; pD;yGm;a&;wuUodkvfwufvdk@&r,f pojzifh e*dkuxJu cJGjyD;om;? 'Dawmh vdkif;a&G;rrSm;bdk@ tifrwef ta&;}uD;wmudk;? vdkif;a&G;rSm;wmeJ@ udk,fh wpfb0vHk;oGm;rSma=umifh usGefawmfwdk@rSm b,fvdkif;av#muf&rvJqdkwm jy\em}uD;wpfck jzpfaecJhw,f? usGefawmfwdk@acgif;&if; uyfv#uftdrfu udkatmifausmfOD;u a[haumif/ rif; bdkiftdk vdkif;a&G;uG/ ocsFmvdkif;u pufr_wuUodkvfu ðywfus&if oGm;a&m/rif;pD;yGm;a&;yJwufvdk@&awmhr,f? bdkfiftdkvdkif;us awmh rif;aq;wuUodkvf rrDygbl;wJh/oGm; wuUodkkvfusefao;w,f? ,kwfpGtqHk; rif; oGm;wuUodkvfrrD&ifawmif wd-arG;-ukawmh 0ifw,f? pdwful;rvGJeJ@ ighaumif qdkawmh tif; olajymwmvJ [kwfwkwfwkwf/ ol@nDu tcka'o aumvdyfwufaejyDqdkawmh olwdk@rSm tawG@tñuH&dSjyD;om; qdkjyD; olajymovdk ZD0aA'vdkif; av#mufvdkufw,f?
aumvdyfrwufcif aumvdyfqufwufrvm;/ pufr_ody`HwufjyD; tvkyfvkyfrvm;/ Adkvfoifwef; av#muf rvm;-vm;- vm;- vm;aygif;rsm;pGmeJ@&ifqdkif&w,f? aemufawmh udkat;aomif;u nDav; rif;bmrS pOf;pm;raeeJ@/ wufbl;w,f&dSatmif aumvdyfomqufwufuGm qdkwmeJ@ ausmif;wufrJhvdkif;udk a&G;jzpfoGm;w,f?
(4)
a'oaumvdyfausmif;om;b0
wdkwdkajym&&if usGefawmfwdk@ a'oaumvdyf pwufua&mqdkygawmhAsm? ausmif;udk [oFmwrSm wuf&r,f? usGefawmfwdk@ aqG}uD;rdsK;}uD;awGuwpfa,mufrS òr@jyifuem;rSmr&dS=uawmh usGefawmfausmif;wuf&if b,frSmwnf;r vJwJh/ awmfao;w,fac:&r,f? usGefawmfwdk@&Gmu OD;yÍif;wpfyg; [oFmwrSm pmoGm;oifaeawmh ol@yJtultnD awmif;&wmaygh? tJ'D OD;yÍif;armifwif0if; ajymay;vdk@ usGefawmf [oFmw rdk;aumif;ausmif;rSm ae&w,f? q&m awmfu wdk@ausmif;u pmoifwdkufqdkawmh ausmif;om;xm;wm r[kwfbl;uG/ rif;udkawmh csGif;csufeJ@xm;vdkufr,f? OD;yÍif;awGeJ@ oifhoifhjrwfjrwfaeayghuGm wJh? usGefawmf arC0wDwdkufopfrSmae&w,f? usGefawmhfudk OD;yÍif;awGu cspf=uw,f? usGefawmfa&mufwJhESpfrSmbJ OD;yÍif;wif0if;u ausmif;uxGufoGm;w,f? reufpmtwGuf OD;aum0d'/ OD;yndEN/ OD;0drv/ pojzifh udk,fawmfawGu olwdk@qGrf;pm;jyD;&if usGefawmhfbdk@ csefxm;ay;w,f? npmuawmh wcg wavvJ csufpm;/ wcgwavvJ qGrf;pm;ausmif;oGm;pm;/ wcgwavvJ bkef;}uD;awGvdkkyJ Oykofapmifh/ jzpfovdk ayghAsm?
wcgawmh OD;awaZm u rif;udk b,fol yHkrSefqGrf;csefxm;ay;vJ qdkawmh yHkrSefr[kwfygbl;bk&m;? ñuHovdk csef=uwmygbJ? tEdk@ rif; pm;&aomuf&wm tqifa&majy&J@vm;? tif; yHkrSefcsefwJholr&dSawmh wcgwav qGrf;awG trsm;}uD;jzpfaeovdk wcgwavvJ pm;p&mr&dSbl; ? udkif; 'Dvdkjzifh igyJ yHkrSef csefay;r,f? wjcm;olawGudk rcsefcdkif;eJ@ awmh qdkwmeJ@ 'DvdkjzifhvJ aus;*sK;ubm ygbJbk&m; qdkjyD; ae@vnfpmyHkrSefpm;&w,f? wcg OD;0g,ru usGefawmf npmudk iwfwcg jywfwvSnfheJ@ wkwfae&wm odawmh awaZm u ae@vnfpmcsefay;&if igu npmcsefay;r,f qdkawmh usGefawmhfrSm udk,fawmfawG cHay;wJhqGrf;udk rsufESmylyleJ@ ESpfESpfywfvHk; wkwfcJh&oayghAsm?(usGefawmfu OD;Zif; awG aeylra&Smifrdk;&Gmra&Smif cHxm;wJhqGrf;udk OD;Zif; wynfhawmfbdk@ qGrf;cseffxm;ay;prf;yg ajym&rSmajymrxGufbl;)?
usGefawmfeJ@ODyÍif;awGeJ@u tifrwef tvGrf;oifhw,f? OD;yÍif;awGuvnf;vdSrfhjyefatmf/ usGefawmfuvnf; olwdk@eJ@tòyifatmfeJ@ tifrwefpmusufvdk@aumif;wmuvm;? usGefawmfu atmif&HkavmufrSef;wmr_wfbl;? ocsFmrSm trSwfwpf&m &a&;/ usefwJhbmomtm;vHk;udk *k%fxl;eJ@atmifa&; rSef;jyD; rem;raeokwfwmudk;? OD;yÍif;awGu usGef awmhfudk t&rf;oabmusw,f?
OD;pENdrm uajymw,f? at;jidrf;&/ bkef;}uD;vkyf&wmvJ rvG,fbl;uG/ qGrf;cHw,fqdkwm em;axmifvdk@om aumif;wm/ wu,fu oydwfydkufjyD; olrsm;tdrfudk rsufESmajymifwdkuf wufawmif;&wmuG/ ig qGrf;cHoGm;wdkif; tawmfrsufESmylw,f? vifr,m;awGrsm;pum;rsm;ae&if/ 'grSr[kwf olwdk@u pD;yGm;a&;tqifrajya=umif; ajymae&if olwdk@rjrifcif tomvSnfhxGufcJh&wm wJh? tif; olajymwmvJ [kwfwkwfwkwfyJ? OD;a^;,suawmh Avaumif;aumif; eJ@ pum;udk wvHk;wcJ}uD;ajymwwfw,f/ usGefawmfeJ@ tifrwefcifw,f? armifat;jidrf;&m avmif;vdkufwJh[if;awGu ðiyfoD;vGwfwJh[if; wpfcGufrS r&dSbl;?vljzifh a&$yef;udk rD;nd‡vdk@&awmhr,f wJh? [m;[m; [kwfvJ[kwfw,fav/ olrsm; avmif;wmudk t&dk;rsm;aom/acs;cg;aom a&G;raeEdkifbl;? avG;&awmhwmbJ?
[oFmwrSm 0gwGif;qdk oHCmh'geqGrf;avmif;yJGawG ae@wdkif;&dSw,f? we*FaEGygwf/wevFmygwf pojzifh ayhg? jy\emu qGrf;tdk;xrf;&wJh udpP/ bkef;}uD;tyg;ESpf&mpmtwGuf qGrf;[if;tdk;}uD;u t}uD;}uD;/ usGefawmfwpf a,mufxJrEdkifbl;? ESpfa,mufxrf;rS &w,f? ausmif;rSmuvnf; usGefawmfwpfa,mufyJ ausmif;om;&dSwmqdkawmh reufwdkif; qGrf;tdk;xrf;bdk@ tazmfwpfa,muf tjrJ&Sm&w,f? tJ'DudpPtwGuf tjrJacgif;udkuf&w,f? wcgwav vnf; qGrf;pm;ausmif;bkef;}uD;u pDpOfay;w,f? wcgwavvnf; udk,fh[mudk,f&Sm&w,f? reuftapm}uD; av; em&Davmuf bkef;}uD;awGrºucif udk,fu t&ifoGm;&w,f? 'grS ñudjyD;qGrf;yJGjyifvdk@&rSmudk;? wcsdK@qGrf;ygwfawGu ausmif;om;awGudk xrif;ausG;w,f? ausmif;om;awGvm=u qdkrSjzifh usGefawmfvnf; wjcm;ausmif;u ausmif;om; aygufpeawG/ tbdk;}uD;awGeJ@ twlwla&mjyD; =urf;ay:rSm iSufaysmzufeJ@cif;ausG;wJhxrif;udk r&HGr&Smwkwf&w,f?
bkef;}uD;awGeJ@ taeeD;awmh bkef;}uD;pmawGvnf;zwfjzpfwmayghAsm? bmoma&;A[kokw &wmayhg?
yxrESpf&J@ yxr ynmoifESpftjyD; aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&ufawGjyD;vdk@ 'kwd,ESpf0ufjyefwuf&awmh usGef awmf ausmif;zGifhbdk@ av;ig;&ufavmuftvdkrSm [oFmwudk apmjyD;jyefvmw,f? t&D;uawmh [Jh 'Dtcsdef b,folrS a&mufrSm r[kwfao;bl;/roGm;eJ@tHk;vdk@ tajymom;? usGefawmfu tpdk;&drfvGefjyD; apmoGm;wmudk;/ [dka&mufawmh t&D;ajymwJhtwdkif;ygbJAsm? b,folrSra&muf=uao;bl;? OD;Zif;awGvnf; ausmif;ydwfvdk@jyefoGm;=uwm qdkawmh usGefawmhfrSm wpfa,mufxJ a,mifayayeJ@ raeEdkifawmhbl;AsdK@/rsuf&nfawGvnfvmjyD; t&D;ajymwmt[kwfom; vdk@ naeusawmh wpfcgxJ jyefvdkufoGm;&awmhw,f?
usGefawmf[oFmwa&mufpu [oFmwuaumifawGuvnf; ESdrfwmyJAs? 'Daumif awmuwufvmwJh iwHk;av;aygh? ausmif;a&mufjyD;vdk@odyfr=umcifrSm ocsFmXmeu }uD;r_;jyD; wpfausmif;vHk;rSm&dSwJh ausmif;olausmif; om;awGtwGuf ocsFmxl;csGefòyifyJG vkyfw,f? ocsFmeJ@ygwfoufwJh ^m%fprf;ykp>mawGaygh? wpfausmif;vHk;uausmif; om; wpfaxmifausmf 0ifajzwm usGefawmf'kwd, &w,f? yxrqkudkawmh [oFmwu ausmfausmfpdk;u&w,f? tJ'D awmhrS [ 'Daumifav; awmuvmayrJh tvm}uD;ygvm; qdkjyD; enf;enf;vl&m0ifvmwm? usGefawmfeJ@ t&rf;cifwJh oli,fcsif;awGu rdsK;aZmf/ oef@xl;/ aZmf0if;xl;/ rif;aqG/ zdk;wkwfvdk@usGefawmfwdk@ac:wJh oef@aZmfOD;/ av;rsufESmu cifarmifaqG pojzifhaygh? rdef;uav;oli,fcsif;uawmh wpfa,mufESpfa,mufavmufyJ&dSw,f? aemufjyD;ajymjyrJh aumifrav;&,f/ ocsFmrSm t&rf;awmfwJh OuUm}uD;&,f/ 'gavmufyJrSwfrdawmhw,f? OuUm}uD;(usGefawmfwdk@ac:wJhem rnfajymif) u t&rf;yGifhvif;w,f? &dk;w,f?'ga=umifhvnf;usGefawmfwdk@eJ@wGJrdwm?
bm- a=omf/ Zmwfvrf;av;awGvm;? b,faevdrfhrvJAsm? &dSwmaygh? [dkpum;yHkvdk/ 'Dt&G,fa&mufrS tjrD; rayguf/ bmarsmufrdk@vJ aygh? emr,fawGawmh rajymawmhygbl;Asm? wzufom;&J@ *k%foduQmvnf;&dSao;oudk;? usGef awmfeJ@olu vl&nfcsGefpmar;yJGajzawmh pod=uwm/ olu wjcm;ausmif;u/ usGefawmfu av;rsufESmausmif;u/ aemuf b,fvdku b,fvdk a'oaumvdyfrSm t&rf;&if;ESD;oGm;w,f rqdkEdkifygbl;Asm? rdsK;aZmfwdk@ avSmfay;wmvJygwm aygh? usGefawmhf"gwfyHkawG r&ru,l? ol@qDoGm;jyD; at;jidrf;}uD;u eifhudk bmjzpfaewm/ nmjzpfaewmeJ@ avSmf=uwm udk;? usGefawmfu rufpf/olu bdkiftdk qdkawmh twef;csif;rwlawmh odyfrawG@=u&bl;/ vlawG&J@obm0udku rawG@& av/awG@csifavudk;? ('geJ@ =um;jzwfajym&tHk;r,f/ tpydkif;wHk;u usGefawmfbdkiftdkudkav#mufxm;&muae tck rufpf b,fvdkjzpfoGm;ygvdrfhvdk@ rsufpdvnfroGm;bl;vm;/ 'DvdkAs/ usGefawmf ausmif;wufawmh bdkiftdkwef;oGm;wufw,f aygh/ arG;uwnf;u 'D taumifyavmifawG ta=umif;/ vlcE
(11)
puFmylA[kokw
puFmylrSmu 0ifaiGeJ@pm&if tpm;taomufaygw,fqdk&rvm;rodbl;? usGefawmfwdk@u usef;rma&;/usef;rm a&;qdkjyD; tom;ukefwkwf=uavawmh zsm;wmemwmodyfrjzpfbl;/ usGefawmftxufuajymcJhovdk av;ESpftwGif;rSm usGefawmf wcgrS rzsm;cJhbl;bl;? &xm;ay:rSm pmav;a&;xm;wmawG@w,fAs? bmwJh? Take an apple a day, keep the doctor away. wJh? Armvdkbmomjyef&&if ( yef;oD;wpfvHk; ae@wdkif;pm;ay;/ udka&$a'gufwm ajy;ayghta0;) vdk@ qdk&r,fxifw,f? 'geJ@usGefawmfvnf; xrif;pm;jyD;wdkif; opfoD;wckckpm;wJh tusifhav;vkyfxm;w,f? csrf;omvdk@ r[kwfbl;? ody`Hr_;wif ajymwmoGm;owd&vdk@? usGefawmf pdkufysdK;a&;wuUodkvfrSm vkyfpOfu ody`Hr_;wif&,f/ a&$e*g; wif0if;&,f zdwfjyD; pmaya[majymyJGvkyfao;w,f? tJ'DrSm ody`Hr_;wifu bmajymovJqdkawmh a&m*gjzpfw,fqdkwm udk,fcHtm;raumif;vdk@jzpfwmrsm;w,fwJh? 'Dawmh udk,fcHtm;aumif;atmif tm;&dSwJh/ tm[m&jzpfrJhtpmawG rsm;rsm;pm;ay;bdk@vdkw,fwJh? [mq&m&,f/ vlwdkif;pm;csifoaygh/ b,frSmvJ ydkfufqH vdk@ajymvmwJholawGudk olu 'Dvdk jyefar;csifygowJh? 'gjzifh cifAsm;wdk@ aeraumif;vdk@aq;&Hkwuf&ygjyDwJh/ ydkufqH rjzpfraeukef&awmhr,f? tJ'Dtcg ydkufqHawG b,fu&vmovJ? ('guawmhq&m&,f r&dS&dSwmav;aygifESHa&mif;csjyD; vkyf&wmyJaygh?) at; tJ'gcifAsm; wdk@vJGaewmyJ? aeraumif;rS q&m0efoGm;jy&if udk,fhydkufqHudk q&m0efpm;oGm;jyD? udk,fuaeraumif;cif t&ifpm; xm;&if aeraumif;rjzpfawmhbl;? udk,fvnf;aumif;aumif;pm;&w,f? q&m0efqDvJoGm;p&mrvdkawmh bl;? tvkyf vJrysufawmhbl;? uJ-cifAsm;wdk@ b,fvrf;a&G;csifvJ wJh?
wcg rru eifae@wdkif;EGm;Edk@yHkrSefaomufay;[Jh/ usef;rma&;aumif;w,f vdk@rSmvmw,f? usGefawmfuvnf; bD,mawmhñudufyg&J@/ 'gayrJh wpfvHk;udk 7 usyf/ 8usyfay;&wmqdkawmh aomuf&rSm tifrwef ESajrmaew,f? EGm;Edk@ uawmh wpfykvif;rS ig;rwfyJqdkawmh tifrwefaomufaysmfw,f? 'geJ@ EGm;Edk@udk rdk;vif;&ifwpfcGuf/ npmpm;jyD;&if wpfcGuf yHkrSefaomufw,f? aemufjyD;opfoD;awGpm;w,fqdkawmh b,fvdkopfoD;awGudk b,fvdkpm;ovJwJh? 'DrSm NTUC(Fair Price) qdkwm&dSw,f? pm;p&maomufp&m(ukefpdrf;/ukefajcmuf) awmfawmfpHkpHk&w,f? toD;t&Guf/ tom;ig;/ qefqDqm;/ jiKyf=uufoGef/acgufqJG/*sKHr_ef@/ o=um;/edk@/ aemuf pmtkyfeJ@pma&;ud&d,m/ qyfjymrdsK;pHk/ rD;zdk acsmifoHk;ypPnf;/ vloHk;ypPnf; pojzifhaygh? usGefawmfawmh wpfae&mxJrSm rdsK;pHk&wJhtwGufaps;0,f&if tJ'DyJoGm;0,f avh&dSw,f? aps;vnf;oufomw,f? opfoD;rdsK;pHk yef;oD;/vdarRmfoD;/o&ufoD;/emewfoD;/a&Smuf/oHyk&moD;/ pdrf;pm;O }uD;awG/rmvumoD;/pyspfoD; pojzifhayhg vnf;&w,f? tJ'DrSm odyfraumif;wJh/ temygwJh/ =umaewJhtoD;awGudk av#mhaps;eJ@a&mif;w,f? yef;oD;}uD;awGqdk&if oHk;vHk;rS jym;&Spfq,fyJay;&w,f/ ao;wJhtvHk;awGqdk&if ig;vHk;&w,f? z&JoD;qdk&if wpfjcrf;rS ig;rl;yJ/ oabFmoD;wpfvHk;jym;ajcmufq,f? pm;&wm tifrwef wefw,f? aemufjyD; temqdk wmuvnf; pm;vdk@r&avmufatmifjzpfwmr_wfbl;? yef;oD;awGo,fwJhae&mrSm jcpfrdoGm;wm/ yGef;yJhoGm;wmqdk av#mhaps;xJa&mufukefa&m/ vdarRmfoD;awGqdk tn‡mw0dkufrSm rJrJuGufawGay:ae&if aps;csa&mif;w,f pojzifhaygh?z&J oD;awGqdk wpfjcrf;u odyfraumif;&if usefwJhwjcrf;udkaps;av#mha&mif;w,f? usGefawmfawmh aps;vnf;oufom aumif;vnf;aumif;/aygaygrsm;rsm;pm;&wJh tJ'DtoD;awG 0,fpm;avh&dSw,f?
wpfa,mufxJpm;wmqdkawmh wcgwcgawmhvnf;jzpfovdkyJ? 'gayrJh rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh aumif;aumif; av;pm;avh&dSw,f? usGefawmf xrif;pm;jyD;vdk@yef;oD;}uD;awGpm;/ EGm;Edk@awGaomufaewJhtcgrsm;rSm usGefawmhftdrfol tdrfom;tm;vHk;udk/ txl;ojzifh qif;&JcsdK@wJhvdk@ tpmudk jzpfovdkpm;aomufae=u&wJh uav;awGudk oGm; oGm; owd&w,f? a=omf olwdk@crsmvnf; igpm;ovdkpm;csif=u&SmrSmyJ? igpm;ovdkpm;=u&ygap qdkwJhapwemawG ay:vm avh&dSw,f? puFmyluvlawGu usGefawmfhtxifawmh tdrfrSmcsufpm;wmxuf rsm;aomtm;jzifh 0,fpm;=uoeJ@wlyg &J@? wjcm;qdkifawGrSmom vlenf;csifenf;r,f? pm;aomufqdkifawGqdkwm rd_vdkaygufaewJh=um;u qdkifwdkif;rSmvnf; ol@ vleJ@ol tjynfh? wtm;pm;=uaomuf=uwJhvlawGudk;? usGefawmfwdk@ pae"rRrdwfaqGrsm;u paeae@wdkif; bGefav;rSm awG@=uwJhtcg xrif;udk 0,fpm;avh&dS=uw,f? tJ'Dtcgrsm;rSm wpfa,mufxJoGm;pm;vdk@uawmh b,fvdkrS tqifajy Edkifp&mr&dSbl;? 0dkif;wdkif;/0dkif;wkdif;rSm vljynfhaewJhtwGuf pm;jyD;cgeD;0dkif;em;rSm ae&m,lbdk@ wpfa,mufu oGm;jyD;&yf apmifhae? usefwJholawGu xrif;rSmbdk@oGm;jyD;wef;pD? qdkawmh tenf;qHk; ESpfa,mufavmufrS r&dSbJ xrif;pm;bdk@ rvG,fbl;? wcgwav usGefawmfolwdk@udk =unfhjyD; tif; igwdk@qDu vlawGvJ olwdk@vdk pm;EdkifaomufEdkif=u&if aumif; avpG qdkwJh tawG;rdsK;av;awG acgif;xJ0ifvmw,f? olrsm;awGawmh rajymwwfbl;?
aemufjyD; puFmylupm;aomufqdkifawGudk usGefawmfoabmuswm wpfck&dSao;w,f? jrefrmxrif;qdkifawG u b,fqdkifyJoGm;vdkuf oGm;vdkuf =uufom;/ 0ufom;/ ig;/ qdwfom;/ trJom; 'gawGcsnf;yJ/ a&G;p&m tifrwef&Sm; w,f? toD;t&GufawGudk ususee oyfoyfvkyfa&mif;wJhqdkif r&dSoavmuf&Sm;w,f? Oyrm yJ[if;aumif;aumif;/ jrif;cGm&Gufokyf/ csOfaygif&Gufa=umf/ [if;csdKaumif;aumif;/ yJoD;a=umf/ toD;t&Gufa=umfcsuf pojzifhaygh/ wcsdK@qdkifawGu [if;csdKawmhay;yg&J@/ ususee csufxm;wJh[if;csdKr[kwfbl;? 'DvdkyJ t&HyJGtjzpfay;wJh ig;yd&nfuvJ jzpfovdkig;yd&nf jzpfaew,f? Edk@ ig;yduvnf;aps;}uD;wmudk;? &efukefxJu a':apm&Dwdk@bmwdk@ qdkifawGrSmawmh &yg&J@/ awmf&Hkvlrpm;Edkifao;bl;? xrif;pm;wmeJ@ygwfoufvdk@ usGefawmfodyfr=umao;cifu awG@cJh&wmav;ajymjy&tHk;r,f/ usGefawmf tvSLudpPeJ@ ewfarmufbufudk avhvma&;c&D;xGufawmh vrf;uqdkifwqdkifrSm(&Gmemrnfu av;tdrf wJh) tcsdefuvnf;vifhaewmeJ@ tazmfygvmwJh ta':}uD;udk udkif;-'DrSmyJ pm;vdkuf=updk@&J@ qdkjyD; wpfckxnf;aom xrif; qdkifav;rSm xdkifvdkuf=uw,f/ bmeJ@pm;rvJwJh/ bmawG&vJqdkawmh =uufom;eJ@ trJom;&Sdw,f qdkvdk@ usGefawmfu trJom;rpm;wmeJ@ =uufom;eJ@yJ jyifcdkif;vdkufw,f? =uufom;eJ@ [if;&Gufa&vHkðywf[if;csdKwpfcGuf vmcsay;w,f? xrif;uvnf; csmvdkufwmrajymygeJ@awmh/ [if;ua&mwJh/ b,fvdkcsufxm;vdk@ bmt&omcH&rSef;udkrodygbl;Asm? usGefawmf awmf&Hkwef&Hk acs;rrsm;wwfygbl;? 'gayrJh b,fvdkrSpm;vdk@r&wJhtwGuf wpfZGef;ESpfZGef;yJpm;jyD; udkif; a':qdk;&if cifAsm;yJ tukefpm;vdkufygawmhAsm vdk@ay;vdkuf&w,f?
puFmyluqdkifawGrSmawmh 'Dvdkr[kwfbl;/ wpfqdkifxJrSmudkyJ tom;udk rdsK;pHka=umfcsufxm;wmu av;ig;rsdK; avmuf/ toD;t&GufawG a=umfavSmf csufðywfxm;wmu q,frdsK;avmuf&dSw,f? xrif;eJ@=uufaygif;/ =uufuif 0ufuif/ bJuif/ ig;uif(Chicken rice,Pork rice,Duck rice, Fish rice)/ xrif;rSmvJ tdENd,pm/ rav;pm/ w&kyf pm? xrif;rpm;csifygbl;wJh/ =umZHa=umf/ acgufqGJa=umf/ =umZHpGyfðywf/ acgufqJGpGyfðywf/tdk; tawmfav;udk pHkpHk&w,f? usGefawmftjyifrSmpm;wJhtcg reufpmudk acgufqJGa=umf/'grSr[kwf =umZHa=umf? ae@vnfpmudk xrif;rpm;yJ pGyfðywf wrdsK;rdsK; aomufw,f? npmudkawmh Chicken Rice pm;w,f? oli,fcsif;awGpkrdwJhtcg wcgwav Macdonald jzpfjzpf/ KFC jzpfjzpf pm;w,f? tpm;rdsK;pHkudkpdwfñudufa&G;vdk@&wJhtwGuf usGefawmfpuFmyluqdkifawGudk tawmfo abmusw,f? taemufwdkif;vdk aygifrkH@eJ@aumfzDaomufcsifvnf;&w,f? usGefawmfwdk@qDrSm 'gavmuf toD;t&Guf awGaygaewm toD;t&Gufudk puFmylrSmvdkyJ ususeecsufa&mif;&if awmfawmfaumif;r,f vdk@awG;rdw,f? 'geJ@ jyD;cJhwJhtacguf jrefrmjynfjyefwHk;u usGefawmfeJ@udkaomif;wef txufjrefrmjynf/ atmufjrefrmjynf c&D;awGxGuf awmh usGefawmfwdk@xrif;pm;wJhtcg qdkifawGudkar;=unfhw,f? a*:zD&Gufa=umfr&bl;vm;? csOfaygif[if;r&bl;vm;aygh? qdkifawGu xl;xl;qef;qef;jzpfaew,f? tedk@ a&mif;avha&mif;xrSr&dSwm?
aemufjyD; 'DrSmu qDenf;enf;/qm;enf;enf;/ tcsdKr_ef@roHk;yJ obm0t&omrysufatmif csufwmrsm;w,f? [if;&GufawGqdk tpdrf;a&mifraysmufbl;? a&mufpuawmh pm;vdk@r&bl;/ 'gayrJh pm;wm=umwJhtcgusawmhvnf; ol@ [meJ@ol [kwfvdk@Asm;? tJ jrefrmqdkifawG oGm;pm;wJhtcgusawmh (olrsm;awGawmh rajymwwfbl;/usGefawmfhtaeeJ@) tqifodyfrajyjyefawmhbl;As/ olwdk@u qDawGt&rf;xnfhxm;awmh xrif;vJpm;jyD;a&m tDv,fv,f}uD;jzpfoGm;a&m? usGefawmfñudufwmajym&&if Chicken Rice ñudufw,f? =uufom;udk uifxm;/ 'grSr[kwf a&aEG;aiG@eJ@ aygif;xm; wm/ rnD‡bl;/rtDbl;/ xrif;uvnf; usGefawmfwdk@qDu tkef;xrif;vdk[mrsdK;/ 'gayrJh rtDbl;/ pm;vdk@aumif;w,f? aemufjyD; yifv,fig;udk uifxm;wm/ ðiyfaumif;wdk@/ =uufoGefðzkwdk@a&mjyD; uifxm;wm/ ig;apmf vHk;0reHovdk/ pm;vdk@ tifrwefqdrfhw,f? usGefawmf t&rf;ñudufw,f? aemufjyD; Black Pepper Chicken wJh/ b,fvdkcsufxm;ovJ awmhrodbl;/ oHtdk;ylylxJrSm ºuyfºuyfºuyfºuyfeJ@/ taiG@waxmif;axmif;xaewm/ pm;vdk@aumif;w,fAsm? 'gqdk usGefawmfbmrñudufbl;wJhvJ/ ukvm;xrif;/ rav;&Sm;pmawG/ usGefawmfeJ@ vHk;vHk;rjzpfbl;? eHvnf;eH/ bmvJ tHk;Edk@ awGvm;bmawGvm; xnfhcsufxm;w,f/ av;n‡if;wdk@/ emewfyGifhwdk@ xnfhcsufxm;wm/ usGefawmfuvnf;tar$; tñudifqdk vHk;vHk;rjzpfawmh(a&ar$;awmifrS ñudufwmr[kwfbl;) vHk;0rñudufbl;? teH@wifr[kwfbl;? t&omuvnf; bmawGrSef;rodbl;? 'gayrJhAsdK@ ukvm;pmjzpfwJh wdk&Snf(Dosai) wkd@/ 'dkwDwdk@awmh wcgwavpm;w,f? aumif;vnf; aumif;w,f? pm;jyD;&if tkef;a&aomufvdkuf&wmvnf; tifrweft&om&dSw,f? 'gayrJh tkef;oD;wpfvHk;udk ESpfusyf qdkawmh tjrJraomufEdkifbl;As? aps;}uD;w,f? rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh Coke yJaomufavh&dSw,f?
usGefawmfwdk@xdkifwJhtem;rSm Jurong Point Shopping Center qdkwm&dSw,f? tifrwefpnfum;wJhae&m yJ? vlawGqdkwm renf;apmif;wdk;&w,f? usGefawmfwdk@qDu odrf}uD;aps;usaewmyJ? tqufrjywfa&G@vsm;aewJh pufavScg;ay:rSm vlawGqdkwm tcsdefwdkif;jynfhusyfaew,f? oGm;wJhvmwJhol/0,fwJhjcrf;wJhol/ =unfhwJh&_wJhol/ rdsK;pHkyJ? ukvm;qdkwmvnf;aygrSayg? puFmyl wEdkifiHvHk;qdk&if enf;rSmr[kwfbl;? blwmatmufrSm ol@tkyfpkeJ@ol 0dkif;zJG@jyD; tjrnf;tjzpf tmvl;a=umf/ ajryJavSmf eJ@bD,maomufae=uwm blwmw0ef;vHk; olwdk@eJ@jynfhaewmyJ? tJ'Dem;u Kopitiam (aumfzDqdkif)rSmvnf; pm;yJGtm;vHk;vlawGeJ@tjynfh? qdkifydwfwJhtxd xdkif=uw,f? ArmawGa&m/ ukvm; awGa&m/ w&kyfawGa&m/tpHkyJ? jynf}uD;w&kyfawGvnf;aygw,f? puFmylw&kyfawGeJ@ jynf}uD;w&kyfawGudk tifrwefcJG& vG,fw,f? rif;ausmfuawmh 'DaumifawG/ b,fvdkpkwfcsGef;csGef;awGrSef;rodbl;? olrsm;0wfwmvnf;twkr,l? puFmyl w&kyfawGeJ@awmh qDeJ@a&yJ vdk@ rSwfcsufcsw,f? tJ'Dwae&mxJwif vlaygwmr[kwfbl;? usefwJhae&mawGvnf; xdkenf;‚yJ? ae@cif;ae@vnf tvkyfvkyfwJh tcsdefrSmawmh vlyg;w,f? ydwf&ufawGqdk Peninsula Plaza rSm ArmawGaygrSayg? ukvm;awG&J@ae&mu Mustafa? xdkif;awG&J@ bdu Golden Mine? ztkyfxkyfvdk@ArmawGac:wJh zdvpfyif;awG&J@ae&mu Orchard? t vdk@ac:wJh tif'dkeD;&Sm;awG&J@pk&yfu Marina Bay?
aemufjyD; ArmjynfrSm tcg}uD;&uf}uD;rSm yJGvrf;obifoGm;=uwJholawGeJ@ }udwf}udwfwdk;aeovdk puFmylrSm vnf;'DvdkyJ? c&pfprwf 'DZifbm 25 &ufae@ eJ@ ESpfopful;wJ@ 'DZifbmv 31 &ufae@n awGrSmqdk&if Ochard rSm }uD;}uD;us,fus,f vlpnfwmuvm;? b,favmufxdrsm;ovJqdk&if wJGajcmufwJGygwJh òr@ygwf&xm;awGudk 2 rdepfjcm; jyD;ajy;aewmawmif &xm;wdkif;rSm vleJ@tjynfh/ blwmxJrSmvnf; wdk;raygufbl;? wpfEdkifiHvHk;u vlawGvm=uoeJ@ wlyg&J@? 'DvdkyJ Sentosa rSmvnf;wpfnvHk;rtdyfyJ aysmf=uyg;=uw,fqdkyJ? usGefawmfawmhwpfacgufrS roGm;ygbl;? olrsm;awGajymoH=um;wm? Chinese New Year qdk&if China Town rSmvlpnfw,f? puFmyltrsdK;om;ae@qdk&if City Hall rSmvlpnfw,f? puFmylrSmu jrefrmjynfrSmvdk ydwf&uf(Public Holiday) awGt&rf;jzpfaewmr[kwf bl;? wpfESpfvHk;rS ydwf&uf 11 &ufyJ&dSw,f? rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh bmoma&;ae@awGrsm;ygw,f? ydwf&ufawGudk A[kokwtaeeJ@ajymjy&&if --
1 Jan - New Year's Day 15 May - Vesak Day
19 Feb - Chinese New Year 9 Aug - National Day
20 Feb - Chinese New Year 23 Oct - Deepavali
21 Feb - Hari Raya Haji 25 Nov - Hari Raya Puasa
18 Apr - Good Friday 25 Dec - Christmas Day
1 May - Labour Day
oGm;&vm&wmvnf;tqifajyw,f? MRT(Mass Rapid Transit) qdkwm&dSw,f? usGefawmfwdk@qDu òr@ygwf&xm;vdkaygh? &Hk;zGifh&uf&J@ &Hk;wufcsdef/qif;csdefawGrSm ESpfrdepfudk &xm;wpfpD;&dSw,f? ae@vnfae@cif;vloGm;yg;wJh tcsdefawGrSm ig;rdepfavmufudk &xm;wpfpD;&dSw,f? tapmqHk;&xm;u 5;30 em&D/ aemufqHk;&xm; n 12;30em&D? 23 rDwmt&Snf&xm;wJG 6 wGJygw,f? jrefvnf;jref/ oufawmifh oufomvnf;&dSw,f? c&D;wdk&xm;qdkawmh tdrfomrygbl;? 'gayrJh blwmawGrSm tifrwefoef@wJhtdrfomawG&dSavawmh bmrSjy\emr&dSbl;? &xm;=urf;cif;eJ@ yvufazmif;eJ@wajy;xJqdkawmh wuf&qif;&wJh 'kuQr&dSbl;? &xm;u ajrvd#K;rdk;ysH&xm;vdk@ac:&r,fxifw,f? bmvdk@ vnf;qdkawmh um;vrf;awGeJ@ vGwfatmif um;vrf;awG&J@tay:eJ@ajratmufrSm ajy;wm? ajrrsufESmjyifeJ@tðydif &xm;vrf;qdkvdk@ Yishun bufrSm&dSwJhvrf;ydkif;wpfckavmufyJ&dSw,f? blwmtm;vHk;uvnf; ajray:rSm eJ@ajratmuf rSm/ ajrjyifnDblwm wpfckyJ&dSw,f? Bishan wJh? wuf&qif;&vG,fatmif pufavScg;awG blwmwdkif;rSmwyfay;xm; w,f? aemufjyD; vufrSwfjzwfp&mrvdkbl;? ez-linku'fqdkwmoHk;w,f? u'fudk 0ifaygufrSmwyfxm;wJh zGifhwJhydwfwJh puf (Card Reader) udk jyvdkufwmeJ@wHcg;yGifhvmw,f? txJa&mufwmeJ@ tvdkvdkjyefydwfoGm;a&m? blwmu txGufrSmvnf; u'fudkwHcg;0u Card Reader udkjyvdkufwmeJ@wHcg;yGifhjyD; xGufvm&HkyJ? usoifhaiGudk pufu E_wf ,lxm;vdkufw,f? um;pD;&ifvnf;twlwlyJ? a&S@aygufu twufCard Reader rSmu'fudkwcgjy/ aemufaygufu tqif;Card Reader rSm wpfcgjy/ pufu usoifhaiGudk E_wf,lxm;vdkufw,f? qdkawmh vufrSwfa&mif;rvdkawmhbl;?
vufrSwfuav;awGjzwf=uyg? [dk;bufuOD;xkyfteDeJ@tpfudk}uD; aemufem;udkenf;enf;wdk;vdkufygtHk;? vmvm 'Du tpfrav;u ig;z,fwdk;av;wdk;vdkuf/txJ0if=uyg/tayguf0rSm pkðyHwdk;rae=uygeJ@? [m enf;enf;awmhusyfrSmayhgAs? acsmifacsmifpD;csif&if udk,fydkifum;0,fpD;? c%apmifhtHk;q&ma&@/ aemufum;rjrifao;bl;? a[hvl txJ0ifpD;ygvdk@b,f ESpfcgajym&rvJ/ cifAsm;aowmuta=umif;r[kwfbl;? usGefawmfuaxmifusrSm? a[m 'DrSm OD;Zif;ºuvmw,f? oH CmcHkawGu z,fay;r,f? vSnf;wef;orm;awG taygufudkwdk;/ ae&mcsif;csdef;xm;yg? tif;pdeform;awGu txJudk 0ifr,f? eif;xm;q&ma&@ aemufum;pdkufydsK;a&;udk 0ifvmjyD? pwJh em;0ifyD,Hav;awGawmh r=um;&bl;ayghAsm [J [J?
u'fxJrSm ydkufqHenf;aevdk@ xyfjznfhcsif&if vufrSwf&HkrSmjznfhvdk@&ovdk pufrSm udk,fh[mudk,fjznfhvdk@vJ &w,f? pufrSmjznfhwJhtcgawmh b%fu'fudkoHk;wmaygh? 'DrSm tJ'D SAM(Self Service Automated Machine) pufawG&dSwmvnf; tifrweftqifajyw,fAs? rD;bdk;/ a&bdk;/ w,fvDzkH;bdk;/ tifwmeufbdk; pojzifh tcGeftc awGtm;vHk;udk tJ'DpufeJ@ay;vdk@&w,f? &Hk;oGm;p&mrvdk/ wef;pDp&mrvdk/ [dkvl}uD;qDvdkufvufrSwfxdk;/ 'Dvl}uD;qD vdkfufvufrSwfxdk; p&mrvdk/ &Hk;zGifhcsdefrrDrSmpdk;&drfp&mrvdk/ &Hk;uwif;rmaeaomrsufESmrsm;udk=unfhp&mrvdk/ ar;vdkuf &ifrajymcsifajymcsif ajzwJholrsm;udk atmufusdK@p&mrvdk tm; tifrweftqifajywmuvm;? tJ'DpufawGudk reuf oGm;oGm;/ae@cif;oGm; oGm;/ noGm;oGm; oGm;jyD; udk,fh[mudk,f udk,fh Account eHygwfeJ@ Invoice eHygwf&dkufxJhjyD; b%fu'feJ@usoifhaiGudk xnfhvdkuf&HkyJ? yDbdc%uav;/ ig;rdepfr=umygbl;Asm/ jyD;oGm;wmyJ? pufawGuvnf; ae&mwum/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh pmwdkufawGrSm &dSwmrdk@ tifrwef[efusw,f? tJ'DpufeJ@ wHqdyfacgif;0,fvdk@&w,f? ygq,fxkyfudk b,fEdkifiHydk@&if b,favmufusrvJ csdef=unfhvdk@&w,f? aemufjyD; wHqdyfacgif;uyfjyD; ygq,f yg ydk@vdk@&w,f?
aemufjyD; 'Du&Hk;0efxrf;awGu qufqHa&; t&rf;aumif;w,fAs? (jrefrmjynfu&Hk;0efxrf;awGu[m bmvdk@ 'gavmuf qufqHa&;nHhzsif;rSef;rodbl;?) b,f&Hk;yJoGm;oGm; tm;vHk;[m rsufESmxm;csdKcdsKav;awGeJ@ tifrwef ,Ofaus;odrfarG@pGmeJ@ udk,fvdktyfor#udk aqmif&Gufay;w,f? rod&ifvnf; pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf &Sif;jyw,f? b%fyJ oGm;oGm;/ pmwdkufyJoGm;oGm;/ aps;qdkifyJoGm;oGm;/ tcGef&Hk;yJoGm;oGm;/ b,fudkyJoGm;oGm;Asm? cifAsm; tqifajyap& r,f? udk,fvmwmudk roda,mifaqmifjyD; wzufvSnfhpum;ajymaewmwdk@/ vG,fvG,fvkyfay;&rJh[mudk jy\em}uD; wpfckjzpfatmifzefwD;wwfwmwdk@/ pum;ajym&ifvnf; wpfEdkifiHvHk;udk vkyfausG;ae&wJhrsufESmxm;eJ@ ajymwmwdk@ pwJh vltrsm;&J@pdwfxJrSm tifrwefaomufjrifuyfp&maumif;wJh tajymtqdktðytrlawG rawG@&bl;? puFmylu &Hk;jyif uEMm;awGrSm }uD;oludk &dkao/ &G,fwludkav;pm;/ i,foludkoem; pwJh aqmifyk'fawGudk yk'favmuf}uD;awG a&;u'f xm;wm usGefawmfjzifhrawG@&aygifAsm? Ak'
Golden Fishes
usGefawmfESifh a&$ig;uav;rsm;
usGefawmfhxrif;pm;pm;yJG. a&S@rvSrf;rurf;wGif pm;yJGwpfvHk;&dS&m xdkpm;yJGay:Y usGefawmfwdk@&Hk;rS refae*sm wpfa,muf. tvSarG; ig;uefwpfck &Sdonf? uefxJY a&$ig;av; ESpfaumifudk arG;jrLxm;onf? wpfaumifrSm cyf }uD;}uD;/ wpfaumifrSm cyfao;ao;jzpf.?
usGefawmftvkyfrS jyefvmcsdefrSm nae ckepfem&Dcef@jzpfonf? tvkyfrS jyefa&mufa&mufcsif; csufðywf/ a&rdk; csdK;um pm;yJGY tuste xdkifv#kuf naepmudk aoaocsmcsm pm;avh&dS.?(aoaocsmcsm pm;onf[k qdk&jcif;rSm awmifawmiftDtDrawG;bJ xrif;Yomtm&Hk0ifpm;v#uf at;at;aq;aq; pm;jcif;udk qdkvdkygonf?)
xrif;pm;jyD;v#if tdk;cGuf yef;ueftm;vHk;udkaq;a=um.? tm;vHk;jyD;jyDqdkrS pm;yJGwGif tusxdkifum opfoD; wpfrdsK;rdsK;udk pm;jyD; aumfzDwpfcGufudk ZdrfqJGum t&omcHvnf; aomufvdkufygao;onf? xdkodk@ toD;pm;aepOf ESifh aumfzDaomufaepOfwGifrl xrif;pm;pOfuuJhodk@ bmrSrawG;yJ raeEdkifawmhyg? tb,fha=umifhqdkaomf usGefawmfhrsufpd a&S@wGif ig;ESpfaumif vl;vmacgufjyef ul;cyfaeonfudk awG@ae&I jzpfonf?
ig;ESpfaumif ta&S@ESifhtaemuf/ txufESifhatmuf r&yfrem;ul;cyfaeonfudk =unfh&if; usGefawmfhwGif awG; p&mrsm; &vmygonf? usGefawmf ae@wdkif;tvkyfujyefa&muf xrif;pm;jyD; rnfonfhtcgrqdk =unfhvdkufwdkif; xdk ig; ESpfaumifrSm xdktwdkif; r&yfrem; qufwdkuf vl;vmwHk@jyef ul;cyfaeonfudkom awG@ae&onf? rae@uvJ 'Dtwdkif;/ 'Dae@vJ 'Dtwdkif;/ eufjzefvJ 'Dtwdkif; qufvuful;cyfaetHk;rnfom jzpfonf?
odk@qdkv#if xdkig;ESpfaumif. touf&Sifaer_onf bmrsm;t"dy`g,f&dSygoenf;? tvGefusOf;ajrmif;vSaom xdk rSeftdrf av;xJwGif toufaoonfxd tpOfrjywful;cyf&if;yif jyD;qHk;oGm;awmhrnfavm? Ttwdkif;yifjzpf&rnf rSef.? xdkig;av;rsm;rSm a&$ig;av;rsm;jzpfojzifh obm0tav#muf arG;zGm;vmjcif;rjzpfEdkif? vlwdk@u om;azmuf ojzifhom arG;zGm;vm&jcif; trSefjzpf.? xdk@a=umifh xdkig;av;rsm;rSm arG;uwnf;u rSeftdrfxJwGifarG;jyD; rSeftdrfxJ wGifyifaeum rSeftdrfxJwGifyif aoawmhrnfrSm &mE_H;jynfh aocsmaeayonf? xdkjzpf&yfrSm xdkig;ESpfaumifxJtwGuf omrSefonfr[kwf? a&$ig;tm;vHk;twGuf rSefayvdrfhrnf?
Tig;av;rsm;udk rSeftdrfxJwGifomae&ojzifh tvGefabmifusOf;vSayonf[k usGefawmfjrifrdonf? TrS wqifhwufIawG;rdonfrSm tEdk@igwdk@ua&m? b,fhuavmufrsm; abmifus,fus,f0ef;0ef;xJwGif aeae&ygoenf;? Todk@ar;rdaomtcg usGefawmfu usGefawmfhudk,fusGefawmf [dk; aumif;uiftjrifh}uD;tay:qJGwifum TurBm}uD; udk tm;vHk;ðcHI =unfhvdkufygonf?
tvdk/ usGefawmf aumif;uiftjrifh}uD;rS usGefawmfwdk@aexdkif&m urBm}uD;udk =unfhvdkufaomtcg opfyif pdrf;pdrf;rsm;=um;rS taqmuftODrsm;=um;wGif yk&Gufqdyfrsm;uJhodk@ vlrsm;onf [dkrSonfrS O'[dk oGm;aeonfudk awG@ &onf? usGefawmfae@pOf&ufquf qufum xdkaumif;uiftjrifh}uD;ay:wGifxdkifv#uf vlrsm;udk =unfhaeonf?
[if-bmrsm;xl;ygovJ? usGefawmfwdk@vlom;rsm;onfvJ [dk a&uefusOf;usOf;av;xJu a&$ig;rsm;vdk jzpfae ygyaum? rae@uvJ 'D&Hk;udkoGm;onf? 'Dae@vJ 'D&Hk;udk oGm;onf? eufjzefvJ 'D&Hk;udkyif oGm;&OD;rnf? vlawmfawmfrsm; rsm;onf ae&mwpfckxJudk ae@pOfae@wdkif; xyfumxyfum oGm;ae=uonf? wcsdK@usawmh tcsdefumvwpfckudk vGef jyD;aomtcg wpfae&modk@ ajymif;a&$@oGm;onfudkawG@&onf? odk@aomf rlvae&ma[mif;ESifh odyfawmha0;vSonf r[kwfyg? ae&mwpfckodk@oGm;onf? rdk;csKyfawmh ae&mwpfckodk@jyefvmonf? aemufwpfaexGufjyefawmh rae@u ae&mudkyif xyfrHoGm;jyefonf? xdkwrdk;csKyfjyefawmh jyefvmaeus ae&mudkyifjyefvmjyefonf?
odk@qdkv#if usGefawmfwdk@. aexdkif&murBm}uD;onf a&$ig;uav;rsm;aeaom a&uef t}uD;pm;}uD;ESifhwljyD; v_yfv_yf&G&G oGm;vmae=uaom vlrsm;onf a&$ig;rsm;uJhodk@ jzpfraeygvm;?
xdkrSwqifhwufum usGefawmfarG;zGm;&m Zmwd&Gmuav;udk jrifa,mif=unfhrdjyefygonf? usGefawmfwdk@&Gmol &Gmom;rsm;rSm usGefawmfawG;wmxufyif ydkjyD; usOf;ajrmif;aeygyaum? xdk&Gmuav;rSmyif arG;I xdk&Gmuav;rSmyif }uD;um xdk&Gmuav;Yyif acgif;csoGm;=uolawGomrsm;onf? wcsdK@qdkv#if teD;qHk;jzpfaom òr@i,fuav;udkyif ra&mufbll;/ um;/ &xm;udkyifrjrifbl;bJ aooGm;=uonf? &Gmol&Gmom;tm;vHk;. 99 &mcdkifE_H;avmufrSm Tt wdkif;csnf;jzpfonf? usGefawmfwdk@uJhodk@ wcsdK@wavrSvJGI trsm;pkrSm &GmYyifvkyfudkifpm;aomufum om;pOfajr; quf &GmYyifaexdkifv#uf rd&dk;zvm v,f,mvkyfief;udkyifvkyfudkifI &dk;om;pGmtoufarG;jrLaexdkif oGm;=uonf? ckeu usGefawmfajymcJhaom a&$ig;uav;rsm;ESifh xdk&Gmol&Gmom;rsm;.b0rSm qifraeaybl;vm;? a&$ig;uav;rsm; onf rSefavSmiftdrfxJwGifaeI xdk&Gmol&Gmom;rsm;rSm xdk&GmxJwGifyifae=uonf? bmrsm;uGmjcm;ygovJ?
arG;vmonf? uav;i,fwdk@bmombm0 aqmhupm;&if; }uD;jyif;vmonf? t&G,fa&mufvmawmh ausmif;aernf? rlvwef;ynmjyD;onfESifh v,f,mvkyfief;cGifodk@ pwif0if&jyD? toufq,fhav;ig;ajcmufESpfavmuf
a&mufonfESifh tdrfaxmifðybdk@ pdkif;jyif;awmhonf? xdk@aemuf tdrfaxmifðy/ wpftdk;wpftdrfcJGum rdbvufikwf v,f ,mvkyfief;udkyif qufvuftarGcHum vkyfudkifonf? uav;ajr;uif;rsm;&onf? rdk;usv#if v,fxGef/ydsK;E_wf/ aumufpdkuf? pyg;yifrsm; }uD;xGm;aepOfumv pyg;r&dwfcifxd tm;vyfaeonf? w&GmESifh w&Gmodk@ tvnftywf oGGm;csifoGm;rnf? vli,f umvom;rsm;rSm w&GmESifh w&Gmcsdef;um abmvHk;uefcsifuefrnf? odk@r[kwf ,ckumv wGif òr@odk@oGm;um vdktyfonfrsm;udk0,frnf? pyg;rsm;&ifhrSnfhcsdefwGif aumuf&dwfrnf? pyg;rsm;udka&mif;csrnf?
aEGa&mufv#if xif;rD;rsm;pkaqmif;rnf? aemufESpftwGuf v,fudk ñudwifjyifqifrnf? tvSLtwef; vkyfrnf? wpf&GmESifh wpf&Gm tvSL/ r*Fvmaqmifrsm;odk@ tjyeftvSefoGm;=urnf? rdk;usjyDqdkonfESifh xGefwHk;xGefwH udkjyefudkifum v,f,modk@jyef0ifrnf?
'g wpfESpfr[kwf/ ESpfESpfr[kwf? vlvm;ajrmufonfrS pumvkyfvmcJh&aom v,fonf toufajcmufq,f ausmf ckepfq,f om;orD;ajr;jrpfrsm; odk@ vufv$Jvdkuf&onftxdjzpfonf? tem;,ljyDqdkonfESifh bmrS vkyfp&mr&dS awmh? tdrfwGifyif ajr;jrpfrsm;udk xdef;ausmif;/ bk&m;oGm;ausmif;wuf 'gESifhyJ aoonftxd oGm;awmhonf?
'g wpfOD;xJr[kwf? wpf&GmxJr[kwf? wpfEdkifiHxJr[kwf? &Gmaygif;rsm;pGm/ EdkifiHaygif;rsm;pGmrS &Gmi,ftm;vHk; twlwlyifjzpfonf? EdkifiHrwlojzifh vlrdsK;/udk;uG,fonfhbmom/ ajymqdkonfhbmompum;/ vkyfonfhtvkyftudkif omuGmrnf? oabmw&m;tm;jzihfawmh wlonfcsnf;?
a&$ig;uav; uefxJwGif txufatmuf vl;vmacgufwHk@ul;cyfaeonfudk bmrSt"dy`g,fr&dS[k jrifrdaom usGefawmfhrSm xdktcgrS aumif;pGmw&m;&rdawmhonf? usGefawmfwdk@a&m owfrSwfxm;aom ae&mESpfckudk ae@pOf ae@wdkif; acgufwHk@acgufjyef oGm;ae&onfrSm a&$ig;ESpfaumifxuf bmrsm;ydkjyD; t"dy`g,f&dSygovJ?
wpfckckawmh 'DhxufydkjyD; t"dy`g,f&dSoifhonf? &dSoifhonf[k usGefawmfxif.? tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf usGefawmfwdk@onf wd&dp>mefrsm;xuf ydkjyD;tod^m%f&dSaom vlom;rsm; jzpfaeaoma=umifhyifwnf;? arG;umrwW/ ydkufqH&SmumrwW/ umr*k%ftm&Hkrsm; cHpm;umrwWr#ESifhawmh ckeu a&$ig;av;rsm;ESifh usGefawmfwdk@vlom;rsm;onf bmr#jcm;em;bG,frjrif? refvnfq&mawmfbk&m;=uD;uawmh rCa'0vuFmopfwGif tdyfpm;umr ToHk;0Y/ EGm;ESifh usm;ESifhtwlwnf; [k owday;xm;ygonf? odk@qdkv#if bmawGjcm;em;atmifvkyfoifhovJ wJh? tifrwef pdwf0ifpm; p&maumif;aom ar;cGef;jzpf.? =unfh=uygpdk@?
wjcm;r=unfhygESifh? wd&dp>mefrsm;onf t0wfr0wf? vlom0wfonf? odk@qdkv#if oif0wfxm;aom t0wfudk b,fu&ovJ? b,fvdkvkyfovJ? vlawGaEG;aEG;axG;axG; vSvSyy 0wfEdkifatmif b,folawGursm; wDxGifxm;yg vdrfh? TuJhodk@aom t0wfrdsK;jzpfatmif oifvkyfwwfygovm;? vkyfwwfbdk@xm;ygtHk;? b,fvdkvkyf&ovJqdkwm avmuf odygovm;? oifxrif;csufpm;aeaom owWKtdk;udk b,fuxkwf,lvdk@&ygovJ? ajr}uD;xJuae 'Dvdk owWK tdk;jzpfvmwJh txd tqifhqifh vkyfyHkudkifyHkawGudk oifodygovm;?
Twdk;wufaeaom acwf}uD;wGif wpfae&mrS wpfae&modk@ ajcvsifoGm;aep&mrvdk? oufoufomomESifh tjrefa&mufEdkifaom um;rsm;/ &xm;rsm;udk ydkufqHay;jyD;pD;um oGm;EdkifayjyD? vlawG vG,fulv#ifjrefpGmoGm;Edkifap &ef xdk um;/ &xm;rsm;/ av,mOfysHrsm;udk b,folawGursm;wDxGifxm;ygvdrfh[k toifpOf;pm;rdygovm;?
wd&p>mefrsm;onf oDcsif;em;raxmif? vlrsm;om oDcsif;qdkonf? em;axmifonf? odk@qdkv#if oif tysif;ajy em;qifEdkif&ef oifñudufESpfoufaom oDcsif;rsm;udk cvkyfuav;EdSyfvdkuf&HkESifh em;axmifvdk@&onfhtwGuf xdkuJhodk@ em;qifEdkifap&ef xdkuufquf/ wdwfacG/ pD'Drsm;udk wDxGifxm;olrsm;tm; aus;Zl;wifbdk@ owd&rdygovm;?
xdk@xuf-
owif;tcsuftvufacwf[k vltrsm;ajymae=uonfh rsufarSmufacwf}uD;rSm ydkrdktHh=obG,faumif; avmufatmifyif wdk;wufaeayao;onf? urBmay:&dSrnfonfhae&mudkrqdk puUef@ydkif;twGif; csufjcif; qufoG,fEdkif aom enf;ynmrsm;/ udk,fvdk&m/ odcsifonfrsm;udk rdrdtcef;wGif;xdkifae&if;u vufnd_;uav;upm;umr#ESifh odEdkif aomenf;ynmrsm;/ ,cifacwfu pmuav;wpfapmifydk@bdk@ wpfae&mESifh wpfae&mudk &ufaygif;rsm;pGm/ yifyef;qif; &JpGm oGm;&aomacwfrSonf ,ckacwfwGif puUef@ydkif;twGif; xdkif&mrx cvkyfwpfcsufESdyf&Hkr#ESifh ydk@Edkifjcif; ponfh vltrsm;twGuf tifrweftoHk;0ifvSonfh twwfynmrsm;udk b,folawGursm; wDxGifxm;ygvdrfh[k oif awG;rd/ aus;Zl;wifrdygovm;?
usGefawmfwdk@a&m vlawGtwGuf toHk;usaprnfh wpfckckrsm; vkyfay;cJhbl;ygovm;? vkyfay;bdk@aum pdwful; rdygovm;? 'Db0rSm 'DvdkbJaejyD; 'DvdkbJ aooGm;awmhrSmvm;? 'gqdk ckeu a&$ig;av;awGESifh usGefawmfwdk@b0udk Ed_if; ,SOf=unfhrdbdk@aumif;onf? vlwdkif;awmh awG;csifrSawG;rdrnfjzpfonf? vlwdkif;rawG;rdawmif awmfawmfrsm;rsm;awmh awG;rdbdk@oifhonfxif.? tb,fha=umifhqdkaomf vlwdkif;rawG;rdI rvkyfyJaeygu awG;rdjyD;vkyfaomolrsm;. aemuf udk tyHk}uD;aemufusefaecJhawmhrnf?
tvGefv#ifjrefwdk;wufajymif;vJaeaom acwf}uD;wGif enf;ynmrsm;rSm vdkufrrDEdkifatmifyif &dSawmh.? olrsm;xuf wdk;jyD;rwDxGifEdkifonfjzpfap/ olrsm;wDxGifjyD;om;udk odem;vnfatmif wenf;tm;jzifh olrsm;csufjyD; om; xrif;udk tqifoifh cl;cyfpm;wwfatmifavmufawmh oifxm;oifhonf? odk@rS wjcm;olawG bmawGvkyfae onf/ igwdk@vnf; bmawGvkyfoifhonf/ bmawGvkyf&rnf qdkonfudk em;vnfoifhoavmuf em;vnfrnf?
usGefawmf udk;wef;ausmif;om; b0u jrefrmpmbmom&yfudk oif=um;olrSm q&m OD;pHat;jzpf.? q&m oifonfrsm;wGif wjcm;pmawGawmh rrSwfrdawmh? odk@aomf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; olajymoGm;aom pum;av;wpfcGef;udk awmh usGefawmfhOD;aESmufxJ pJGpJGjrJjrJ rSwfrdaeygonf?
“'Dvdkae&if 'Dvdkae&r,f?
'Dvdkrae&if 'Dvdkrae&bl;?” [lI jzpfyg.?
pum;av;rSm wkdaomfvnf; t"dy`g,frSm tifrwef us,f0ef;vSygonf?
twdkcsKyfI jyefqdk&aomf ----
bmrS rñud;pm;bJ 'Dtwdkif;ayghayghaeaomolonf 'Db0xufydkjyD; rwdk;wufEdkif?
'Dtwdkif; ayghayghraebJ qxufxrf;ydk; ñud;pm;aeaomolonf 'Dhxuf tqifhjrifhaom todynmrsm;udk &um 'Dhxufydkrdkaumif;rGefaomb0udk &&dSydkifqdkifEdkifrnf? -- [k jyefEdkifrnf xifygonf?
bmrSrvkyfvdk@/ bmrSrodbJaeygu bmrS jzpfvmEdkifrnf r[kwfyg?
TuJhodk@ bmrS rjzpfvmbJ aejrJav;twdkif; aeomovdk qufaeoGm;ygu txufu usGefawmfEd_if;,SOfjycJh aom a&$ig;av;rsm;. b0ESifh bmrSjcm;em;awmhrnf r[kwfygacs? ?
at;jidrf;
20-12-2003
