usGEfkyf. udk,fwdkifa&;b0rSwfwrf;tusOf;
(at;+idrf;)
tcsD;
usGefawmfhta=umif;udk q&m rif;vSjraoG;u odcsifygw,fvdk@ rru ajymvmwJhtwGuf odyfrxl;qef;vSwJh usGefawmfh udk,fa&;rSwfwrf;av;udk usGefawmfa&;ay;vdkufygw,f? q&mñudufovdkoHk;EdkifygonfcifAsm;? usGefawmf tqiffajyovdk a&;vdkufwmjzpfwJhtwGuf pmracsmcJhvdk@&dS&if jznfhpGufom jyifqifzwf&_ygvdk@ arwWm&yfcHvdkuf&yg a=umif;?
trSefuawmh usGefawmhfta=umif; usGefawmfjynfhpHkEdkifor#jynfhpHkatmif a&;xm;wmav;&dSygw,f? okd@aomf vnf;yJ tcsdefodyfr&avawmh jyD;yJrjyD;Edkifbl;? tEdk@ tvkyfuvnf; vkyf&ao;oudk;As? pifumylrSmu ArmjynfrSmvdk r[kwfbl;? ydwf&ufodyf&Sm;wmuvm;? ae@wdkif;rdk;vif;urdk;csKyf tvkyf tvkyf eJ@ tcsdefukefae&awmh wjcm;Am[D& udpPawGudk tm;wJhtcsdefav;rSm uAsmu,mvkyf&wmudk;?
udkif;-ajymae=uma&mh/p=uygpdk@?
(1)
rlvwef;ausmif;om;b0
usGefawmhf&J@arG;aus;Zl;&Sif rdbESpfyg;uawmh OD;armifqdkif eJ@ a':oef; wdk@ygyJ? arG;aus;Zl;&Sifqdkawmh tqef; jzpfraebl;vm;Asm? usGefawmhfrSm ausG;tarESpfa,mufvnf;&dSao;w,f? a':r,f[ef eJ@ a':r,fñudif wJh? usGefawmhf ta=umif;ajym&if olwdk@udkvnf; csefxm;vdk@r&bl;? bmha=umifhvnf;qdkawmh usGefawmf'Dvdkb0rdsK; a&mufvmatmif vkyfay;wJh t"du aus;Zl;&SifawGjzpfvdk@bJ? [m-'g igñud;pm;vdk@jzpfwmyguGm/ igeJ@twlwlausmif;ae=uwJh [dkaumif awG bmjzpfvdk@wHk; qdkjyD;aus;Zl;uef;pum;rqdk&bl;? ñud;pm;w,fqdkwJhae&mrSm tcGifhtvrf;r&dSbJ &rf;jyD;ñud;pm;ae vdk@ bmt&mxifrSmwHk;/ a[m olwdk@u usGefawmhf&J@tpGrf;tpawG jyEdkifatmifvrf;zGifhay;vdkufawmh usGefawmf'Dvdk tajctaersdK;a&mufvmwmayghAsm? 'gjzifh olwdk@u b,fvdkaus;Zl;awGðycJhowJhvJ? =unfh&atmif?
usGefawmhfarG;Zmwd/csufjr_yfuawmh {&m0wDwdkif;/av;rsufESmòr@e,f/0g;awmuGif;aus;&GmygbJ? &GmuvJ acgif vdkufovm;rar;eJ@? {&m0wDwdkif;&J@ tpGefqHk;/ &Gm&J@taemufbufrSm bm&GmrSr&dSawmhbl;? &cdkif&dk;rbJ&dSawmhw,f? vrf;yrf;qufoG,fa&;ua&mwJh? tckrS ykodrf-rHk&Gmum;vrf;r}uD;aygufoGm;vdk@ oGm;a&;vma&;vG,fvmwm? usGef awmfwdk@i,fi,fwHk;uqdk b,f pufbD;awmifrSjrifbl;wmr[kwfwm? teD;qHk;òr@awGjzpfwJh av;rsufESmyJoGm;oGm;/ uGif;aumuf udkyJoGm;oGm; aEGbufrSmvSnf;eJ@oGm;vdk@&ayrJh/ vSnf;vrf;raygufwJh tcsdefawGrSmqdk ajcvsifwvSnfh/ ukef;a=umif;wvSnfh oGm;&wmyJ? òr@jyifuem;qdkvJ b,frSodyfra&mufbl;=ubl;? [oFmwavmufa&mufbl;&ifyJ [kwfvSjyD? (usGefawmfudk,fEd_ufudkyJ a'oaumvdyf 'kwd,ESpfa&mufawmhrS vli,fvkyftm;ay;eJ@ygvdk@ &efukefudk a&mufbl;&wmAsdK@?)
arG;ouU&mZfvnf;ar;vdkuftHk;? taz}uD;wdk@uawmh 1324 ckESpf wefcl;vvdk@ajymwmyJ/ 'gayrJh/OD;wefcl;vm;/ aESmif;wefcl;vm; raocsmbl;/ b,fES&ufrSef;vnf;rodbl;/ vqef;vdkvdk/vqkyfvdkvdk/ vqkyfxifyg&J@vdk@ajymw,f? 'geJ@ usGefawmfu aA'ifav;bmav;vnf; 0goemygavawmh udk,fh[mudk,f wGufcsufjyD; [m 'D&uf 'D v*f uawmh igeJ@udkufw,f qdkjyD; wefcl;vjynfhausmf 10 &uf n 10 em&DcJGvdk@ vkyfvdkuf&w,f? ausmif;tyfwJhtcgusawmh q&m awGu ESpfwpf&mjyuQ'def=unfhjyD; teD;pyfqHk;jzpfwJh 8-4-1962 udk usGefawmfharG;ae@tjzpfeJ@owfrSwfvdkufw,f? bmvdk@ 'gawGa&Smufajymae&ovJqdkawmh usGefawmfarG;pOfu usGefawmfwdk@&Gm&J@vlaer_tqifhtwef;udkodapcsifvdk@yJ?
usGefawmfarG;pOfu &Gmrajymif;&ao;bl;? &Gma[mif;rSmbJ&dSao;w,f? aemufawmh usGefawmfwdk@bufu A-u-y eJ@wuG a&mifpHkolykefawGudk tpdk;&u tðywfðzwfbdk@vdk@ usGefawmfwdk@&Gmudk tajcpdkufpcef;tjzpfeJ@ a&G;w,f? 'g ayrJh &Gm&J@zJG@pnf;yHku ppfwyftajcpdkufbdk@raumif;wJh twGuf &Gmudktopfjyefwnfw,f? tckvuf&dS&Gm[m AsL[m ajrmufwnfxm;wJh &GmyJ? wnfaqmufyHktaeeJ@ tifrwefvSwJh&GmayghAsm? 'gayrJh &Gmom;awG txdrf;todrf;rwwf vdk@ tckawmh &GmuyHkysufyef;ysufjzpfaejyD/ tifrwefESajrmbdk@aumif;wmayghAsm? usGefawmf &Gmjyefa&mufawmh ajymjy ayrJh b,folrS pdwfr0ifpm;=ubl;? b,fAsm/ udk,fhxrif;udk,fawmif 0atmif &Smpm;csifwJholawGr[kwfwm? ydkufqH r&wJhtvkyf b,folvkyfrSmwHk;? ajym&if udk,fhaygifudk,fvSefaxmif;ovdkaeawmhr,f?
rlvwef;ynma&;qdkwmvnf; usGefawmfausmif;raecif oHk;av;ESpfuav;urSpwm/t&ifu &GmrSm rlvwef; ausmif;awmif&dSwm r[kwfbl;? usGefawmfausmif;aeawmh ajcmufESpfom;/ av;wef;atmifawmh q,fESpfom;/ 1972 ckESpf/ tJ'Duwnf;u &GmeJ@/taz tareJ@ pcJG&wm ckxdcJG&wHk;qdkygawmhAsm? usGefawmfu i,fi,fav;uwJu pmawmf cJhwmAs? ºum;w,frxifygeJ@Asm? trSefajymwmyg? oli,fwef;uae udk;wef;txd/ tprf;pmar;yJGawGrSma&m/ twef; wifpmar;yJGawGrSma&m tjrJ yxr&wmcsnf;yJ? wcgbl;r# a,mifvdk@awmif 'kwd, r&cJhpzl;bl;? q,fwef; a&muf awmhvnf; av;rsufESmòr@e,frSm usGefawmftrSwftrsm;qHk;yJ?
'gayrJhAsdK@/ tJ'Dtcsdefu usGefawmfwdk@&Gmu todtjrifrºu,f=uao;awmh ynma&;udk tm;ay;&aumif;rSef; b,folrS rod=uao;bl;? rodwmwifrubl;/ ausmif;xm;wJholawGudk atmifr,f olwdk@uawmif uJh&J@ oò*[f twif;qdk=uao;Asm? atmifr,fav;/ awmfygao;&J@Asm/ usGefawmf t&D;r,f[H&J@ nDrtaxG;qHk; usGefawmhftar&J@ AdkufxJ 0ifrdayvdk@bJ/r[kwfvdk@uawmh usGefawmffvnf;ckavmufqdk &GmrSm v,fxGefvdk@aumif;wHk;&dSrSmbJ? usGefawmhf t&D;awGudk usGefawmf aus;Zl;wifvdk@ trdsK; rqHk;bl;AdsK@? tJ'DvdktajctaeawG =um;xJu t&D;r,f[Hwdk@u usGef awmfwdk@armifESrawGudk olrsm;tajymtqdkcHjyD; (udk,fhydkufqHeJ@udk,fausmif;xm;wmawmif twif;ajym=uao;oAsm) ausmif;xm;ay;wm eJeJaemaem aus;Zl;r[kwfaybl; udk,fhq&m?
(q&m=unfhcsif=unfh&atmif usGefawmfwdk@&Gm&J@ ynma&; ordkif;a=umif;av;vnf; usGefawmf yl;wJG xnfhay; vdkufygw,f? yxrydkif; awG@&rJh q,fwef;atmifwdk@ bJG@&wdk@qdkwm usGefawmfwdk@armifESrawGcsnf;bJ? Tum;pum; csyf?)
usGefawmfwdk@ av;wef;atmifawmh ausmif;qufxm;bdk@ujy\emjzpfvmw,f? bmha=umifhvJ qdkawmh usGefawmfwdk@ tpfudk}uD; udkat;aomif;u uGif;aumufudk t&ifausmif;oGm;wufwmudk;? olrsm;tdrfrSm wnf;wuf& awmh b,f tqifajyrvJAsm? 'Dawmh av;wef;atmifwJh uav;awGuvnf;rsm;vmjyD? olrsm;tdrfrSm wðyHwacgif; }uD;oGm;xm;vdk@uvnf;rjzpf qdkawmh t&D;r,f[H&,f/ OD;}uD;bdk;axmif&,f/ OD;}uD;icspf&,f/ taz}uD;&,f acgif;csif;&dkuf=uw,f? (tr}uD;&J@arG;csif;awGudk }uD;pOfi,fvdkufpOfjy&&if t&D;r,f[H/ t&D;r,fñudif/ OD;}uD; bdk;axmif/OD;}uD;icspf/ tr}uD; uawmh ti,fqHk;ayhgAsm/ [kwfw,f-usGefawmfwdk@u tar udk tr}uD;vdk@bJac:w,f/)
aemufawmh usGefawmfwdk@tdrfudk zsuf/ usGefawmfwdk@rdom;pkawGu t&D;wdk@eJ@aygif;ae? zsufvdk@&wJh usGefawmf wdk@tdrfudk uGif;aumufudk a&$@aqmuf/ t&D;r,f[H u usGefawmfwdk@ pm;0wfaea&;/ usef;rma&;awGudk =unfh&_ apmifha&Smufbdk@ uGif;aumufudk vdkufae? 'DvdkeJ@ usGefawmfav;wef;atmifjyD; ig;wef;wufbdk@ uGif;aumufudk rtlr vnfeJ@ a&mufvmw,f?
(2)
tv,fwef;ausmif;om;b0
tv,fwef;wufwmu t*Fylòr@e,f/uGif;aumufqdkwJh òr@i,fav;rSm? tv,fwef;ausmif;qdkayrJh tv,f wef;pmppfXme&dSwmr[kwfbl;? 8 wef;pmar;yJGudk t*Fyl udkoGm;ajz&w,f? usGefawmfi,fi,fu tawmfn‡ufwmAs? ao;ao; rJrJav;? 'gayrJh tJ'Dtcsdefu udk,fhudk,fudk vlydsK}uD;vdkxifaewmudk;? tck tJ'DwHk;u&dkufxm;wJh "gwfyHkxJ jyef=unfhawmhrS ausmif;aebufoli,fcsif;awGxJrSm usGefawmfu tao;qHk;jzpfaewmvm;? twef;xJrSm vlaumif uvnf;ao;/ pmuvnf;awmfawmh q&mq&mrawG cspfw,f? t*FvdyfpmoifwJh q&mra':wifwifat; qdk&if usGefawmfhtem;vmjyD; yg;av;vdrfqGJvdkuf/ em;&Gufav;vdrfqJGvdkufeJ@ usGefawmfckxdrSwfrdaeao;w,f? usGefawmfeJ@ wJGwJhaumifav;awGuvnf; tm;vHk;n‡ufwuf yufwuf uav;awGcsnf;yJ?
usGefawmfwdk@tdrfu uGif;aumufawmifbufurf;rSm/ ausmif;u ajrmufbufurf; tpGefqHk;rSm qdkawmh tdrf eJ@ausmif;u awmfawmfav;vSrf;w,f? awmifbufurf;eJ@ ajrmufbufurf;udk eefuolacsmif;u jcm;xm;w,f? rdk;wGif;qdk&if a&awGu acsmif;eJ@tjynfh? a&pD;uvnf; wtm;=urf;wm? pD;&wJhavSuav;u 14 awmifavSuav;? tifrweftEW&m,frsm;w,f? uav;awGqdk awmh a=umuf&vef@&aumif;rSef;vnf;rodbl;? waysmfwyg;}uD;yJ? avSarSmufvdk@aow,f qdkwmvnf;odyfr&dSavawmh 'DvdkyJ vl}uD;awGuvnf;v$wfvdkufwmbJ?
usGefawmfausmif;wufwHk;u usGefawmfwdk@tdrfrSm udkudkwifxl;&,f/rr &,f/ usGefawmf&,f/&ifEk&,f/ aemuf awmh jrifh &,f ausmif;ae=uw,f? ausmif;ydwfvdk@&Gmukdjyef=u&if tifrwefaysmfp&maumif;wmayghAsm? usGefawmfwdk@ &GmeJ@ uGif;aumufu 14 rdkifa0;w,f? 'DvdkyJ ajcvsifokwf=u&wmbJ? pD;p&mqdkvdk@ zdeyfuvJGjyD; bmrS&dSwmr[kwfbl;? oGm;&wJhvrf;uvnf; wm&dk;uwpf0uf/ awmvrf;uwpf0uf/ v,fawGudkjzwf/ uZif;(uefoif;)awGudkausmfayghAsm? vrf;&,fvdk@awmif owfowfrSwfrSwf&dSwmr[kwfbl;? vrf;rSm rdk;wGif;qdk&if usGwfawG ar#mhawGuvnf;aygrSayg? ql; awGpl;vdkpl;ayghAsm? 'gayrJh udk,fh&Gmqdkawmhvnf; jyefcsifwmyJ? r=umc%udk jyef=uwm?
wcgu rdk;wGif;buf}uD; &Gmtjyef ig;ydbHk;acsmif;rSm a&awGwtm;}uD;aewmudk/ usGefawmfwdk@eJ@twljyef vmwJh udkcspfvd_ifu [Jhaumifav;/aumifrav;awGvm/ ighcg;udkzufxm; qdkjyD; iSufaysmwHk;}uD;eJ@ tifrwefa&pD;oef wJh acsmif;udk jzwful;&wm ckrS awG;&if; &ifawGwHkrdw,f? usGefawmhfnDrav; jrifh qdk xdu&Hk;awG ,Svdk@ ajcaxmufrSm ESif;clawGpJGwm renf;uk,l&w,f?
pmar;yJGawGjyD;vdk@ &Gmjyef&ifawmh v,ftvkyfulvkyf&wmaygh/ usGefawmfu EGm;ausmif;&w,f? tifrwef pdwfnpfp&maumif;wm? udk,fuvnf;EGm;awGudk rEdkif/EGm;awGuvnf;olajy;csif&majy;eJ@ usGefawmfhrSm aocsifapmfudk eHaewmyJ? 'DvdkeJ@ wcgawmh EGm;awG v,fxJjzwfajy;vdk@ twif;vdkuf&muae &$H@xJðrwfaewJh xef;vuf}uD;u aZmif;eJ@ 0ifwdkufwm ajcovHk;[ufwufuJGoGm;wm/ckxd tJ'Dtem&Gwfraysmufbl;?
usGefawmf 7 wef;rSm tr}uD; qHk;w,f? tJ'DwHk;u tck uGefðykwmpmpDpm&dkufvkyfaewJh nDrti,fqHk;av;u wpfESpforD;eJ@usefcJhwm? udkcspfvd_ifvmac:vdk@ usGefawmfwdk@vnf; bkrod/brodeJ@ jyefvdkufoGm;&w,f? rr uawmh tawmfav;odwwfaejyDqdkawmh vrf;rSmuwJuidkw,f? usGefawmhfpdwfxJrSmawmh tvdk rr bmvdk@rsm; idkygvdrfh aygh? usGefawmfu i,fi,fav;xJu cyftla=umifa=umif&,fAs? tJ'Dtxdr&dyfrdbl;? aemuf tdrfa&mufawmhrS a=omf tr}uD; qHk;vdk@ygvm;vdk@ od&awmhw,f? rD;,yf0rf;vdk@ajymwmbJ? trSefuawmh aq;ynm A[kokw tm;enf; wm&,f/ olemðywdk@bmwdk@ r&dSwm&,f? aq;aumif;0g;aumif; r&dSwm&,fa=umifh rqHk;oifhbJ qHk;&wmvdk@ usGefawmf xifw,f? b,fAsm 0rf;av#mwmavmufeJ@ ao&w,fvdk@? at;av rwwfomawmhvJ uHyJ yHkcs&awmhrSmaygh?
trSwfw& usGefawmfwkd@ 8 wef; twef;wifpmar;yJG t*FyludkoGm;ajzawmh usGefawmfa&m rrrSmyg ocsFm pmtkyfawG ygrvmbl;? arhusefae&pfcJh=uw,f? tJ'DwHk;u usGefawmfeJ@rru twef;csif;twlwl? oli,fcsif;wpf a,mufqDoGm;iSm;awmh b,fay;vdrfhrvJAsm? olvnf;=unfhaewmbJ[m/ atmifr,f iSm;vdk@r&awmh udk,fuawmif tjypfwifygao;vm;/udk,fuawmh *&kwpdkufeJ@ aoaocsmcsm r,lcJhbJeJ@? 'gayrJhAsdK@ tJ'DESpfrSm usGefawmfocsmF *k%fxl; ygw,f? ausmif;tkyfq&mr}uD; a':cifcifa&$u t*Fvdyf tbd"gefpmtkyfuav; qkcsw,f? tJ usGefawmfwdk@ &Spfwef;vnf;atmifa&m ausmif;ajymif;&jyefa&m?
(3)
txufwef;ausmif;om;b0
usGefawmfwdk@&Gmu av;rsufESmòr@e,f/ ausmif;oGm;wufwJh uGif;aumufu t*Fylòr@e,fqdkawmh q,fwef; atmifwJhtcg tvkyf&Smbdk@twGuf cufjyefa&mAs? 'Dawmh t&D;wdk@ OD;}uD;wdk@ wdkifyifjyD; uGif;aumufuae av;rsufESm udkajymif;cJh=ujyefw,f? uGif;aumufutdrfudka&mif;/ av;rsufESmrSm oifhwifh avsmufywftdrfwpfvHk;0,f/ t&D;eJ@ usGefawmfwdk@ armifESrwawG todkufajymif;cJh=ujyefw,f? av;rsufeSma&mufawmh jrifhpdk; yga&mufvmw,f?
tifrwefcufw,fAsm? vlawGu? 'D [vm;? uGif;aumufwdk@/av;rsufESmwdk@qdkwm òr@om trnfcHw,f? um;wpfpD;rS &dSwmawmifr[kwfbl;? av;rsufESmrSmqdk qdkufum;awmif q,fpD;jynfhatmif &dSwm r[kwfbl;? 'gayrJhAsdK@ usGefawmfwdk@u olwdk@xufawmuswJhae&mu vmwmqdkawmh a&mufa&mufcsif;EdSrfwmyJ? 'Daumif awmom;? ykqdk;0wfwmu b,fyHk tusô0wfyHkub,fenf;/ pojzihfayghAsm? usGefawmhftpfudk udkat;aomif;qdk pdwfu vnf;cyfqyfqyf qdkawmh ol uGif;aumuf a&mufpu ol@oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufu ol@udk 0g;awm 0g;awm eJ@ ac:vdk@ pdwfqdk;jyD; tkwfcJeJ@vdkufxkbl;w,f? (usGefawmfwdk@&Gmemrnfu 0g;awmuGif;av?)
usGefawmfav;rsufESma&mufpuvnf; 'DvdkbJ? vluom txufwef; a&mufvmw,f? rtlrvnfbJ&dSao; awmh av;rsufESmuaumifawGu ESdrfw,fayghAsm? 'gayrJh aemufawmhvnf; oli,fcsif;awGjzpfoGm;jyD; usGefawmfu olwdk@txuf(ynma&;rSm)a&mufoGm;wmygbJAsm? udk;wef;wHk;u usGefawmftwef;xJrSm yxr&ayrJh jrifhjrifhpdef qdkwJh aumifrav;wpfa,mufeJ@ trSwfcsif;wlaevdk@ yxr ESpfa,mufjzpfcJhbl;w,f? 'gayrJh òr@e,fvHk;usGwf pmpD pmuHk;òyfifyGJrSm usGefawmf yxr&w,f? usGefawmfhrvnf; a&mufav&mrSm t&m&meJ@ ta=umif;a=umif;csnf;qdkovdk bJ? jzpfyHkajym&tHk;r,f?
udk;wef;rSm vl&nfcsGefa&G;pmar;yJGajzbdk@a&G;awmh usGefawmfvnf;ygwmayghAsm? 'geJ@ pmawG@A[kokwu bmrS jy\emr&dSbl;? usGefawmfu i,fi,fav;xJu pmzwfwm tifrwef 0goemygavawmh pmayA[kokwav;bmav; &dSoAs? 'geJ@oli,fcsif;awGu rif; tm;upm;ajzbdk@ydkta&;}uD;w,f? tdyfxrwfwifusifh/reufapmapmxajy; bmnm ayhgAsm? usGefawmfuvnf; arG;uwnf;u tm;upm;qdkvdk@ bmtm;upm;rS pdwfvnf;r0ifpm;/ 0goemvnf;rygawmh olwdk@ajymwJhtwdkif; vkyf&wmayghAsm? 'geJ@AsKd@/ aqmif;wGif;buf}uD; reufapmapm csrf;csrf;pD;pD;eJ@ xajy;yga&m? ajy;wJh yxrae@rSmbJ tdrfuxGufvdk@rS odyfra0;ao;bl;? olckd;/olcdk; eJ@ vdkufygava&mAsm? vlwpfa,mufu "g;}uD;eJ@ a[haumif rajy;eJ@ qdkjyD; twif;vufvmqJGawmh usGefawmfvnf; &ifawGtonf;awG wkefvdkuforS pum;awmif aumif;aumif;rajymEdkifbl;? aemufrS rif;b,fuaumifvJ qdkvdk@ usGefawmfOD;usifysdK@ wlyg/ vl&nfcsGefpmar;yJGajzbdk@ tajy;avhusifhwmyg qdkrS jyefv$wfvdkufvdk@ ukwfukwfuav;jyefvm&w,f? (OD;usifydsK qdkwmu òr@rsufESmzHk;/or0g ,r OuUX/ygwDaumifpDrSmvnf; vl}uD;) aemufae@usawmh tkwfatmfaomif;wif;ayghAsm? usGefawmfwdk@udk "gwkaA' oifwJh a':at;jrpdef;qdkwJh q&mracsmacsmav;u jzpfrSjzpf&av ighwynfh&,f vdk@qdkjyD; &Dawmh usGefawmhfrSm&Sufvdkuf wm rajymygeJ@awmhAsm? jzpfyHk jzpfyHk?
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(4)
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aemufjyD; puFmylupm;aomufqdkifawGudk usGefawmfoabmuswm wpfck&dSao;w,f? jrefrmxrif;qdkifawG u b,fqdkifyJoGm;vdkuf oGm;vdkuf =uufom;/ 0ufom;/ ig;/ qdwfom;/ trJom; 'gawGcsnf;yJ/ a&G;p&m tifrwef&Sm; w,f? toD;t&GufawGudk ususee oyfoyfvkyfa&mif;wJhqdkif r&dSoavmuf&Sm;w,f? Oyrm yJ[if;aumif;aumif;/ jrif;cGm&Gufokyf/ csOfaygif&Gufa=umf/ [if;csdKaumif;aumif;/ yJoD;a=umf/ toD;t&Gufa=umfcsuf pojzifhaygh/ wcsdK@qdkifawGu [if;csdKawmhay;yg&J@/ ususee csufxm;wJh[if;csdKr[kwfbl;? 'DvdkyJ t&HyJGtjzpfay;wJh ig;yd&nfuvJ jzpfovdkig;yd&nf jzpfaew,f? Edk@ ig;yduvnf;aps;}uD;wmudk;? &efukefxJu a':apm&Dwdk@bmwdk@ qdkifawGrSmawmh &yg&J@/ awmf&Hkvlrpm;Edkifao;bl;? xrif;pm;wmeJ@ygwfoufvdk@ usGefawmfodyfr=umao;cifu awG@cJh&wmav;ajymjy&tHk;r,f/ usGefawmf tvSLudpPeJ@ ewfarmufbufudk avhvma&;c&D;xGufawmh vrf;uqdkifwqdkifrSm(&Gmemrnfu av;tdrf wJh) tcsdefuvnf;vifhaewmeJ@ tazmfygvmwJh ta':}uD;udk udkif;-'DrSmyJ pm;vdkuf=updk@&J@ qdkjyD; wpfckxnf;aom xrif; qdkifav;rSm xdkifvdkuf=uw,f/ bmeJ@pm;rvJwJh/ bmawG&vJqdkawmh =uufom;eJ@ trJom;&Sdw,f qdkvdk@ usGefawmfu trJom;rpm;wmeJ@ =uufom;eJ@yJ jyifcdkif;vdkufw,f? =uufom;eJ@ [if;&Gufa&vHkðywf[if;csdKwpfcGuf vmcsay;w,f? xrif;uvnf; csmvdkufwmrajymygeJ@awmh/ [if;ua&mwJh/ b,fvdkcsufxm;vdk@ bmt&omcH&rSef;udkrodygbl;Asm? usGefawmf awmf&Hkwef&Hk acs;rrsm;wwfygbl;? 'gayrJh b,fvdkrSpm;vdk@r&wJhtwGuf wpfZGef;ESpfZGef;yJpm;jyD; udkif; a':qdk;&if cifAsm;yJ tukefpm;vdkufygawmhAsm vdk@ay;vdkuf&w,f?
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aemufjyD; 'DrSmu qDenf;enf;/qm;enf;enf;/ tcsdKr_ef@roHk;yJ obm0t&omrysufatmif csufwmrsm;w,f? [if;&GufawGqdk tpdrf;a&mifraysmufbl;? a&mufpuawmh pm;vdk@r&bl;/ 'gayrJh pm;wm=umwJhtcgusawmhvnf; ol@ [meJ@ol [kwfvdk@Asm;? tJ jrefrmqdkifawG oGm;pm;wJhtcgusawmh (olrsm;awGawmh rajymwwfbl;/usGefawmfhtaeeJ@) tqifodyfrajyjyefawmhbl;As/ olwdk@u qDawGt&rf;xnfhxm;awmh xrif;vJpm;jyD;a&m tDv,fv,f}uD;jzpfoGm;a&m? usGefawmfñudufwmajym&&if Chicken Rice ñudufw,f? =uufom;udk uifxm;/ 'grSr[kwf a&aEG;aiG@eJ@ aygif;xm; wm/ rnD‡bl;/rtDbl;/ xrif;uvnf; usGefawmfwdk@qDu tkef;xrif;vdk[mrsdK;/ 'gayrJh rtDbl;/ pm;vdk@aumif;w,f? aemufjyD; yifv,fig;udk uifxm;wm/ ðiyfaumif;wdk@/ =uufoGefðzkwdk@a&mjyD; uifxm;wm/ ig;apmf vHk;0reHovdk/ pm;vdk@ tifrwefqdrfhw,f? usGefawmf t&rf;ñudufw,f? aemufjyD; Black Pepper Chicken wJh/ b,fvdkcsufxm;ovJ awmhrodbl;/ oHtdk;ylylxJrSm ºuyfºuyfºuyfºuyfeJ@/ taiG@waxmif;axmif;xaewm/ pm;vdk@aumif;w,fAsm? 'gqdk usGefawmfbmrñudufbl;wJhvJ/ ukvm;xrif;/ rav;&Sm;pmawG/ usGefawmfeJ@ vHk;vHk;rjzpfbl;? eHvnf;eH/ bmvJ tHk;Edk@ awGvm;bmawGvm; xnfhcsufxm;w,f/ av;n‡if;wdk@/ emewfyGifhwdk@ xnfhcsufxm;wm/ usGefawmfuvnf;tar$; tñudifqdk vHk;vHk;rjzpfawmh(a&ar$;awmifrS ñudufwmr[kwfbl;) vHk;0rñudufbl;? teH@wifr[kwfbl;? t&omuvnf; bmawGrSef;rodbl;? 'gayrJhAsdK@ ukvm;pmjzpfwJh wdk&Snf(Dosai) wkd@/ 'dkwDwdk@awmh wcgwavpm;w,f? aumif;vnf; aumif;w,f? pm;jyD;&if tkef;a&aomufvdkuf&wmvnf; tifrweft&om&dSw,f? 'gayrJh tkef;oD;wpfvHk;udk ESpfusyf qdkawmh tjrJraomufEdkifbl;As? aps;}uD;w,f? rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh Coke yJaomufavh&dSw,f?
usGefawmfwdk@xdkifwJhtem;rSm Jurong Point Shopping Center qdkwm&dSw,f? tifrwefpnfum;wJhae&m yJ? vlawGqdkwm renf;apmif;wdk;&w,f? usGefawmfwdk@qDu odrf}uD;aps;usaewmyJ? tqufrjywfa&G@vsm;aewJh pufavScg;ay:rSm vlawGqdkwm tcsdefwdkif;jynfhusyfaew,f? oGm;wJhvmwJhol/0,fwJhjcrf;wJhol/ =unfhwJh&_wJhol/ rdsK;pHkyJ? ukvm;qdkwmvnf;aygrSayg? puFmyl wEdkifiHvHk;qdk&if enf;rSmr[kwfbl;? blwmatmufrSm ol@tkyfpkeJ@ol 0dkif;zJG@jyD; tjrnf;tjzpf tmvl;a=umf/ ajryJavSmf eJ@bD,maomufae=uwm blwmw0ef;vHk; olwdk@eJ@jynfhaewmyJ? tJ'Dem;u Kopitiam (aumfzDqdkif)rSmvnf; pm;yJGtm;vHk;vlawGeJ@tjynfh? qdkifydwfwJhtxd xdkif=uw,f? ArmawGa&m/ ukvm; awGa&m/ w&kyfawGa&m/tpHkyJ? jynf}uD;w&kyfawGvnf;aygw,f? puFmylw&kyfawGeJ@ jynf}uD;w&kyfawGudk tifrwefcJG& vG,fw,f? rif;ausmfuawmh 'DaumifawG/ b,fvdkpkwfcsGef;csGef;awGrSef;rodbl;? olrsm;0wfwmvnf;twkr,l? puFmyl w&kyfawGeJ@awmh qDeJ@a&yJ vdk@ rSwfcsufcsw,f? tJ'Dwae&mxJwif vlaygwmr[kwfbl;? usefwJhae&mawGvnf; xdkenf;‚yJ? ae@cif;ae@vnf tvkyfvkyfwJh tcsdefrSmawmh vlyg;w,f? ydwf&ufawGqdk Peninsula Plaza rSm ArmawGaygrSayg? ukvm;awG&J@ae&mu Mustafa? xdkif;awG&J@ bdu Golden Mine? ztkyfxkyfvdk@ArmawGac:wJh zdvpfyif;awG&J@ae&mu Orchard? t vdk@ac:wJh tif'dkeD;&Sm;awG&J@pk&yfu Marina Bay?
aemufjyD; ArmjynfrSm tcg}uD;&uf}uD;rSm yJGvrf;obifoGm;=uwJholawGeJ@ }udwf}udwfwdk;aeovdk puFmylrSm vnf;'DvdkyJ? c&pfprwf 'DZifbm 25 &ufae@ eJ@ ESpfopful;wJ@ 'DZifbmv 31 &ufae@n awGrSmqdk&if Ochard rSm }uD;}uD;us,fus,f vlpnfwmuvm;? b,favmufxdrsm;ovJqdk&if wJGajcmufwJGygwJh òr@ygwf&xm;awGudk 2 rdepfjcm; jyD;ajy;aewmawmif &xm;wdkif;rSm vleJ@tjynfh/ blwmxJrSmvnf; wdk;raygufbl;? wpfEdkifiHvHk;u vlawGvm=uoeJ@ wlyg&J@? 'DvdkyJ Sentosa rSmvnf;wpfnvHk;rtdyfyJ aysmf=uyg;=uw,fqdkyJ? usGefawmfawmhwpfacgufrS roGm;ygbl;? olrsm;awGajymoH=um;wm? Chinese New Year qdk&if China Town rSmvlpnfw,f? puFmyltrsdK;om;ae@qdk&if City Hall rSmvlpnfw,f? puFmylrSmu jrefrmjynfrSmvdk ydwf&uf(Public Holiday) awGt&rf;jzpfaewmr[kwf bl;? wpfESpfvHk;rS ydwf&uf 11 &ufyJ&dSw,f? rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh bmoma&;ae@awGrsm;ygw,f? ydwf&ufawGudk A[kokwtaeeJ@ajymjy&&if --
1 Jan - New Year's Day 15 May - Vesak Day
19 Feb - Chinese New Year 9 Aug - National Day
20 Feb - Chinese New Year 23 Oct - Deepavali
21 Feb - Hari Raya Haji 25 Nov - Hari Raya Puasa
18 Apr - Good Friday 25 Dec - Christmas Day
1 May - Labour Day
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Saturday, September 20, 2008
My Autobiography
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